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    Types of Research & Research Process

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    The document outlines the key stages of the business research process: 1) Problem discovery and definition to clarify the research problem or opportunity, 2) Research design to develop the methodology, 3) Sampling to select participants, 4) Data gathering using techniques like surveys and experiments, 5) Data processing and analysis to interpret findings, and 6) Conclusions and reporting results. Exploratory research using secondary data or pilot studies may be conducted initially to better define the problem before descriptive or causal research.

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    Types of Research & Research Process

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    itishaagrawal41
    141 views32 pages
    The document outlines the key stages of the business research process: 1) Problem discovery and definition to clarify the research problem or opportunity, 2) Research design to develop the methodology, 3) Sampling to select participants, 4) Data gathering using techniques like surveys and experiments, 5) Data processing and analysis to interpret findings, and 6) Conclusions and reporting results. Exploratory research using secondary data or pilot studies may be conducted initially to better define the problem before descriptive or causal research.

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    4. Types of Research & Research Process

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    4. Types of Research & Research Process

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    The document outlines the key stages of the business research process: 1) Problem discovery and definition to clarify the research problem or opportunity, 2) Research design to develop the methodology, 3) Sampling to select participants, 4) Data gathering using techniques like surveys and experiments, 5) Data processing and analysis to interpret findings, and 6) Conclusions and reporting results. Exploratory research using secondary data or pilot studies may be conducted initially to better define the problem before descriptive or causal research.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    141 views32 pages

    Types of Research & Research Process

    Uploaded by

    itishaagrawal41
    The document outlines the key stages of the business research process: 1) Problem discovery and definition to clarify the research problem or opportunity, 2) Research design to develop the methodology, 3) Sampling to select participants, 4) Data gathering using techniques like surveys and experiments, 5) Data processing and analysis to interpret findings, and 6) Conclusions and reporting results. Exploratory research using secondary data or pilot studies may be conducted initially to better define the problem before descriptive or causal research.

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    Business

    Research Methods
    William G. Zikmund

    Chapter 4:
    The Business Research Process

    Information
    Reduces uncertainty
    Helps focus decision making

    Types Of Research
    Exploratory
    Descriptive
    Causal

    Uncertainty Influences
    The Type Of Research
    CAUSAL OR
    DESCRIPTIVE

    COMPLETELY
    CERTAIN

    ABSOLUTE
    AMBIGUITY

    EXPLORATORY

    Degree of Problem Definition


    Exploratory Research
    Descriptive Research
    Causal Research
    (Unaware of Problem)(Aware of Problem)
    (Problem Clearly Defined)
    possible situation

    Our sales are declining and What kind of people are buying Will buyers purchase more of
    we dont know why.our product? Who buys our
    our products in a new package?
    competitors product?
    Would people be interested
    Which of two advertising
    in our new product idea?
    What features do buyers prefer campaigns is more effective?
    in our product?

    Defining Problem Results in


    Clear Cut Research Objectives
    Symptom Detection
    Analysis of
    the Situation
    Problem Definition
    Statement of
    Research Objectives

    Exploratory
    Research
    (Optional)

    Exploratory Research
    Initial research conducted to clarify and
    define the nature of a problem
    Does not provide conclusive evidence
    Subsequent research expected

    Exploratory Research
    Secondary data
    Experience survey
    Pilot studies

    Exploratory Research Techniques


    Two Examples
    Secondary data (historical data)
    Previously collected
    Census of population
    Literature survey

    Pilot study
    A number of diverse techniques

    Focus Group Interview

    Descriptive Research
    Describes characteristics of a population or
    phenomenon
    Some understanding of the nature of the
    problem

    Descriptive Research Example


    Weight Watchers average customer

    Woman about 40 years old


    Household income of about $50,000
    At least some college education
    Trying to juggle children and a job

    Descriptive Research Example


    Mens fragrance market
    1/3 size of womens fragrance market
    But growing at a faster pace
    Women buy 80 % of mens fragrances

    Causal Research
    Conducted to identify cause and effect
    relationships

    Identifying Causality
    A causal relationship is impossible to prove.
    Evidence of causality:
    1. The appropriate causal order of events
    2. Concomitant variation--two phenomena
    vary together
    3. An absence of alternative plausible
    explanations

    Stages of the Research Process


    Problem Discovery
    and Definition

    Research
    Design

    Discovery and
    Definition

    and so on
    Conclusions and
    Report

    Sampling
    Data Processing
    and Analysis
    Data
    Gathering

    Research Stages
    Cyclical process - conclusions generate new
    ideas
    Stages can overlap chronologically
    Stages are functionally interrelated
    Forward linkages
    Backward linkages

    Problem
    discovery

    Problem Discovery
    and Definition

    Sampling

    Selection of
    exploratory research
    technique

    Secondary
    (historical)
    data

    Experience
    survey

    Probability

    Pilot
    study

    Case
    study

    Data
    Gathering
    Data
    Processing
    and
    Analysis

    Problem definition
    (statement of
    research objectives)

    Experiment
    Laboratory

    Conclusions
    and Report

    Survey
    Field

    Interview

    Nonprobability

    Collection of
    data
    (fieldwork)
    Editing and
    coding
    data
    Data
    processing

    Selection of
    basic research
    method

    Research Design

    Selection of
    exploratory research
    technique

    Questionnaire

    Observation

    Secondary
    Data Study

    Interpretation
    of
    findings

    Report

    The Business Research Process


    Problem
    Discovery

    Selection of
    Sample Design

    Exploratory
    Research

    Collectionofthe
    Data

    Selection of the
    Basic Research
    Method

    The Research Process (cont.)


    Editing and
    Coding

    Data Processing

    Interpretation of
    the Findings

    Report

    Stages In The Research Process

    Problem Discovery and Problem Definition


    Research Design
    Sampling
    Data Gathering
    Data Processing and Analysis
    Conclusions And Report

    Problem Discovery And


    Definition

    First step
    Problem, opportunity, or monitor operations
    Discovery before definition
    Problem means management problem

    State the research


    questions and research
    objectives

    23

    Hypothesis
    A hypothesis is a proposition that is
    empirically testable. It is a statement
    /assumption concerned with the
    relationship among variables,
    at the empirical level.

    Research Design
    Master plan
    Framework for action
    Specifies methods and procedures

    Research Proposal
    A written statement of the research design
    that includes a statement explaining the
    purpose of the study.
    Detailed outline of procedures associated
    with a particular methodology

    Basic Research Methods

    Surveys
    Experiments
    Secondary data
    Observation

    Selecting a Sample
    Sample: subset
    of a larger population.

    SAMPLE

    POPULATION

    Sampling
    Who is to be sampled?
    How large a sample?
    How will sample units be selected?

    Data Gathering Stage

    Data Processing and Analysis

    Conclusions And Report Writing


    Effective communication of the research
    findings

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