Aircraft Material Composition
Aircraft Material Composition
Aircraft Material Composition
MATERIAL COMPOSITION
PREPARED BY :
GUNJAN TRIVEDI
M.TECH DESIGN ENGINEERING
PASSANGER AIRCRAFT
http://www.1001crash.com/index-page-composite-lg-2.html
PASSANGER AIRCRAFT
NO
NAME OF PART
MATERIAL
USED
PROPERTIES
REASON
1.
FUSELAGE
AlMgSiCu
(AA6013) T6
Weldable
Increased Yield Strength
Reduced Fatigue Crack Growth Rate
Higher Toughness
Lower Density
Weight Reduction ,
High value of specific Strength
2.
RUDDER, WINGS,
AILERONS, TAIL CONE, FLAP
TRACK PANEL , LANDING GEAR
DOORS , WING RIBS , CENTER
WING BOX , ENGINE
COWLINGS , REAR PRESSURE
BULK HEAD
Carbon fiber
reinforced
polymer
3.
Aluminium 7075
T6
4.
5.
Engine
Titanium ,
Inconel 65
6.
Wind Shield
PLEXIGLAS
GS 241
MILIATRY AIRCRAFT
http://www.tejas.gov.in/
MILITARY AIRCRAFT
SR.
NO.
NAME OF PART
MATERIAL USED
PROPERTIES
Reason
1.
S 2 Glass Fiber
2.
AS4/3501 06 Carbon
-Epoxy
3.
BMI RM 3010
4.
RTM method
Inner liner of synthetic
rubber or rubber-coated
fabric, Ballistic nylon
barrier, Sealant, and
a Retainer of woven nylon
cord.
Lightweight Bladder,
Self-Sealing, and
Crash Resistant.
5.
Nose
Fibre Glass
E Glass ,
S - Glass
UnmannedAerialVehicle
http://www.faqs.org/patents/app/20140197280
UnmannedAerialVehicle
SR.
NO.
NAME OF PART
MATERIAL USED
Reason
UAV Types
Target and decoy - providing ground and aerial gunnery a target that simulates an enemy aircraft or missile
Reconnaissance - providing battlefield intelligence
Combat - providing attack capability for high-risk missions (see Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle)
Research and development - used to further develop UAV technologies to be integrated into field deployed UAV aircraft
Civil and Commercial UAVs - UAVs specifically designed for civil and commercial applications.
HELICOPTER
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Merlin_Airframe_Material.jpg
HELICOPTER
SR.
NO.
NAME OF PART
MATERIAL USED
PROPERTIES
REASON
1.
ROTOR BLADE
Airframes, empennage
Light Weight
3.
Kevlar 49 / epoxy
Nomex/Polycarbonate
4.
Cabin
5.
Tail Boom
To resist exhaust
impingement temps and
reduce empty weight fraction
GLIDER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glider_(aircraft)
GLIDER
SR.
NO.
NAME OF PART
MATERIAL USED
SPECIFIC USE
1.
Basla Wood ,
A Grain ,
B Grain ,
C Grain
2.
Frame Cover
3.
Core
4.
Skin
Aerodynamic Shape
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_air_balloon
NAME OF PART
MATERIAL USED
PROPERTIES
Reason
1.
No UV Radiation when
heated
2.
Wicker Basket
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic_speed
http://seit.unsw.adfa.edu.au/ojs/index.php/Hypersonics/article/viewFile/21/12
HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFT
SR.
NO.
NAME OF PART
MATERIAL USED
PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC USE
1.
TZM Molybdenum
high strength/high
temperature applications,
especially above 2000F
2.
truss structures
temperature strength up to
980C
Heat Absorption
3.
Body Parts
Titanium-Aluminium alloy
Weight Reduction
4.
5.
Carbon/Silicon Carbide
ceramic matrix composite
6.
Nose
TAZ-8A Cermet
Nose cone
7.
Propulsion System
withstanding thousands of
hours of cyclic loading in an
oxidative environment
Propulsion temperature up
to 3000C
SUMMARY
Composite parts used for aircraft applications are defined by Material, process, and
manufacturing specifications. Material allowable (engineering definition).
All of these have a basis in regulatory requirements.
Most efficient use of advanced composites in aircraft Most efficient use of advanced composites in
aircraft structure is in applications with Highly loaded parts with thick gages. High fatigue
loads (fuselage and wing structure, etc). Areas susceptible to corrosion (fuselage, etc). Critical
weight reduction (empennage wings fuselage etc) Critical weight reduction (empennage, wings,
fuselage, etc).
Use must be justified by weighing benefits against costs.
References:
PASSANGER AIRCRAFT
FUSELAGE : http://www.mat.ethz.ch/news_events/archive/materialsday/matday01/pdf/TempusMD.pdf
http://www.wiley-vch.de/books/sample/3527313605_c01.pdf
http://www.aluminiumleader.com/en/around/transport/aircraft
RUDDER, WINGS,AILERONS, TAIL CONE, FLAP TRACK PANEL , LANDING GEAR DOORS , WING
RIBS , CENTER WING BOX , ENGINE COWLINGS , REAR PRESSURE BULK HEAD :
http://www.ndt.net/article/aero2010/papers/tu1a4.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-fiber-reinforced_polymer#Properties
http://www.carbonfiber.gr.jp/english/field/craft.html
http://www.ndt.net/article/ecndt98/aero/015/015.htm
http://www.carbonfiber.gr.jp/english/field/craft.html
http://www.tapplastics.com/product_info/why_use_carbon_fiber
Continue...
References:
STABILIZER: http://www.ijirset.com/upload/2014/april/15_Static.pdf
http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=MA7075T6
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7075_aluminium_alloy
FLOOR PANELS , FUEL TANKS : http://www.agy.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/449_S-2-Aerospace.pdf
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1516-14392013000500024&script=sci_arttext
ENGINE: http://www.iom3.org/materials-world-magazine/feature/2013/may/09/materials-through-ages-materials-aeroplaneengines
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00136790
WINDSHIELD : http://www.plexiglas.de/product/plexiglas/en/products/solid-sheets/aircraft-materials/pages/default.aspx
Continue...
References:
MILITARY AIRCRAFT:
LEADING AND TRAILING EDGE: http://www.agy.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Mechanical_Properties_of_Polymeric_Composites-Technical.pdf
https://books.google.co.in/books?
id=5SPAIKFmFjcC&pg=PA436&lpg=PA436&dq=military+aircraft+fix+trailing+edge+material&source=bl&ots=KFJouzrSu
2&sig=-I11urQCQW261f6vrZdZi3eXCE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAGoVChMI1oytiaatxwIVynKOCh3DWw_C#v=onepage&q=
military%20aircraft%20fix%20trailing%20edge%20material&f=false
Continue...
References:
Engine Bay Region : http://www.compositesworld.com/articles/resin-infused-ms-21-wings-and-wingbox
FUEL TANK , FRAME , WALLS :-
http://www.ffcfuelcells.com/aircraftfueltanks1.asp
NOSE :-
http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12107
http://www.selkirk-aviation.com/nosebowls.html
Continue...
References:
UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE
BODY / FRAME , WINGS
http://www.robotshop.com/blog/en/make-uav-lesson-2-platform-14448
http://www.theuav.com/
Continue...
References:
HELICOPTER
http://classroom.materials.ac.uk/caseRoto.php
https://books.google.co.in/books?
id=e1id9bKG100C&pg=PA31&lpg=PA31&dq=kevlar+nomex+for+helicopter+nose&source=bl&ots=Vi4de1JRzJ&si
g=qdYKggCcYRO68mX9xXTPowt274&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDUQ6AEwA2oVChMIi4Lvru6txwIVwxqOCh3NUQF2#v=onepage&q=kevlar%20nomex
%20for%20helicopter%20nose&f=false
http://www.ncn-uk.co.uk/uploads/michael%20Overd.pdf
http://esaform2008.insa-lyon.fr/proceedings/MS12/p_Du_473.pdf
http://www.metalwebnews.com/howto/alloys/alloys.pdf
Continue...
References:
GLIDER
http://www.modelaviation.com/freeflightmaterials
http://seit.unsw.adfa.edu.au/ojs/index.php/Hypersonics/article/viewFile/21/12
LESSON LEARNT
Able to know what design approach should be made for selection of material
Understood the requirement of specific material for specific application
Learned about the how important is case study for using specific material
Able to understand about the Composite sandwich , how they are useful in different loading , force and thermal
situation.
Able to understand what are the constraint for selection of material . i.e. Cost , Manufacturing , Availability etc.
Learned about different parts of aviation i.e. Aircraft parts , Hot air balloon parts.
Learned about new material.