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    Islamic Architecture

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    rashi1717
    This document provides an overview of Islamic architecture. It begins with an introduction defining Islamic architecture and its principal types: mosques, tombs, palaces, and forts. It then discusses the history and spread of Islam. The core architectural elements of Islamic structures are outlined, including minarets, mihrabs, arches, domes, and geometric patterns. Examples of iconic Islamic architecture in regions like Saudi Arabia, Palestine, Egypt, Persia, Spain, and Turkey are presented, with illustrations and descriptions of notable structures like the Kaaba, Dome of the Rock, mosques of Al-Azhar and Cordoba. Materials commonly used include brick, marble, stone, plaster, and metalwork.

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    Islamic Architecture

    Uploaded by

    rashi1717
    754 views29 pages
    This document provides an overview of Islamic architecture. It begins with an introduction defining Islamic architecture and its principal types: mosques, tombs, palaces, and forts. It then discusses the history and spread of Islam. The core architectural elements of Islamic structures are outlined, including minarets, mihrabs, arches, domes, and geometric patterns. Examples of iconic Islamic architecture in regions like Saudi Arabia, Palestine, Egypt, Persia, Spain, and Turkey are presented, with illustrations and descriptions of notable structures like the Kaaba, Dome of the Rock, mosques of Al-Azhar and Cordoba. Materials commonly used include brick, marble, stone, plaster, and metalwork.

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    ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

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    This document provides an overview of Islamic architecture. It begins with an introduction defining Islamic architecture and its principal types: mosques, tombs, palaces, and forts. It then discusses the history and spread of Islam. The core architectural elements of Islamic structures are outlined, including minarets, mihrabs, arches, domes, and geometric patterns. Examples of iconic Islamic architecture in regions like Saudi Arabia, Palestine, Egypt, Persia, Spain, and Turkey are presented, with illustrations and descriptions of notable structures like the Kaaba, Dome of the Rock, mosques of Al-Azhar and Cordoba. Materials commonly used include brick, marble, stone, plaster, and metalwork.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    754 views29 pages

    Islamic Architecture

    Uploaded by

    rashi1717
    This document provides an overview of Islamic architecture. It begins with an introduction defining Islamic architecture and its principal types: mosques, tombs, palaces, and forts. It then discusses the history and spread of Islam. The core architectural elements of Islamic structures are outlined, including minarets, mihrabs, arches, domes, and geometric patterns. Examples of iconic Islamic architecture in regions like Saudi Arabia, Palestine, Egypt, Persia, Spain, and Turkey are presented, with illustrations and descriptions of notable structures like the Kaaba, Dome of the Rock, mosques of Al-Azhar and Cordoba. Materials commonly used include brick, marble, stone, plaster, and metalwork.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    The document provides an overview of Islamic architecture, including its history, styles, and common elements.

    The principal Islamic architectural types discussed are mosques, tombs, palaces, and forts.

    Islam originated in Mecca and spread from the 7th century onwards to places like Palestine, Egypt, Persia, North and West Africa, Spain, and Sicily.

    ISLAMIC

    ARCHITECTURE
    PRESENTATION BY:NIKHITA BAJAJ
    RIYA BAGCHI
    II YEAR-B

    INTRODUCTION
    Islamic architecture can be define as a building traditions of Muslim populations
    of the Middle East and any countries where Islam has been dominant from the 7th
    century onwards.
    Islamic architecture encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles
    from the foundation of Islam to the present day.
    The principal Islamic architectural types are:

    the Mosque

    the Tomb

    the Palace and

    the Fort

    HISTORY
    DATE FOUNDED

    : A.D. 622

    PLACE FOUNDED
    FOUNDER
    ADHERENTS
    SIZE RANK
    MAIN LOCATION
    SACRED TEXT

    :MECCA, SAUDI ARABIA


    :MOHAMMED(BORN C.570), A TRADE MERCHANT FROM ARABIA
    :1.3 BILLION
    :SECOND LARGEST IN THE WORLD
    :MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

    :QURAN(KORAN)

    SPREAD OF ISLAM

    IN MECCA
    IN 632 A.D.

    ISLAM IS
    FOUNDED BY
    MOHAMMED

    MOHAMMED
    DIED AND ISLAM
    SPREADED
    TO PALESTINE,
    EGYPT, PERSIA
    SUNNIS AND SHIS
    DEVELOPED

    TO NORTH AND
    WEST AFRICA
    TO CORODOBA AND
    GRANADA IN SPAIN
    AND ALSO TO
    SICILY

    ISLAM EXPANDED
    TO AFRICA AND
    EUROPE

    ELEMENTS
    Islamic architecture may be identified with the following design elements, which were
    inherited from the first mosque built byr hall (originally a feature of the Masjid alNabawi):
    Minarets or towers
    A four-iwan plan
    Mihrab
    Arches
    Courtyards(sahn)
    Prayer area hall
    Domes and cupolas

    ELEMENTS

    Central fountains used


    for ablutions (once used as
    a wudu area for Muslims).

    The use of Islamic geometric


    patterns and
    foliage
    based arabesques.

    The use of decorative Islamic


    calligraphy instead
    of pictures which
    were haram (forbidden) in
    mosque architecture. Note
    that in secular architecture,
    human
    and
    animal
    representation was indeed
    present.

    MINARETS
    Minarets or towers these were originally used as torch-lit watchtowers, as seen in
    the Great Mosque of Damascus; hence the derivation of the word from the Arabic nur,
    meaning "light".
    Different types of minarets are as follows:
    1. Iraq
    2. Morocco
    3. Turkey
    4. India
    5. Egypt
    6. Asia

    Four
    Iwan
    The 11th
    centuryPlan
    shows

    the
    emergence of new form: the
    four-iwan mosque.

    An iwan is a vaulted space that


    opens on one side to a
    courtyard.
    The iwan developed in preIslamic Iran where it was used
    in monumental and imperial
    architecture.
    Strongly
    associated
    with
    Persian architecture, the iwan
    continued to be used in
    monumental architecture in
    the Islamic era.

    Mihrab
    or prayer niche on
    Mihrab
    inside
    wall
    indicating
    direction to Mecca.

    an
    the

    The drawings alongside gives us


    an idea about the plan, elevation
    and sections of a typical Mihrab in
    Islamic Architecture.

    Arches

    Arches are the structure


    that spans a space while
    supporting weight.
    The most important form
    of opening was the pointed
    arch which were principally
    two and four centered.

    Diagram showing an
    example of a two-centred
    arch.

    Diagram showing a fourcentred arch

    Courtyards(sahn)
    Is a fundamental feature
    and can be seen as different
    variations.
    According to their function
    the
    courtyards
    were
    cloistered and arcaded and
    the sides were punctuated
    with
    gateways,
    prayer
    chambers
    or
    arched
    porches (iwans).

    Prayer area halls

    Prayer area hall: main area to


    perform congregational pray

    Domes And Cupolas

    Materials
    The countries into which Islam first expanded were already rich in building
    tradition and the important techniques of exploitation of natural resources for
    building works and trade in building materials had long been established.
    Brick making and walling was almost universal in the alluvial plains; MARBLE
    was generically available as an article of trade.
    Building to the stone occur in variety.
    There was a long tradition of CERAMIC production, use of GYPSUM PLASTER,
    GLASS manufacture and the various forms of METALWORKS for building.

    ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IN SAUDI ARABIA

    Islamic tradition attributes the beginning


    of Mecca to Ishmael's descendants.

    Medina
    The great mosque of
    prophet muhammad.
    It is rebuilt in stone with a
    colonnade on the kiblawall.
    It consists of prophets
    tomb.

    Kaaba

    Built in 16th century, it


    consists of an arcade
    slightly oblong in plan.
    Technical drawing of Kaaba, Mecca

    Materials Used For Construction


    bricked structure with granite cladding,
    white marble base,
    meteorite black stone

    ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IN PALESTINE, EGYPT


    AND PERSIA (IRAN)

    PALESTINE

    Palestine was conquered by


    the
    Islamic
    Empire,
    beginning in 634 CE.
    The Dome of the Rock,
    completed in 691, was the
    world's first great work of
    Islamic architecture.

    Cross section through dome of the


    rock, Jerusalem

    Umayyad Palaces
    Umayyad palaces represent early Islamic
    architecture. They are spread throughout the
    greater Levantine countryside in what today
    extends into Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and
    Palestine.
    They
    were
    primarily
    rural
    settlements that often incorporated a
    bathhouse, residential areas, a mosque, an
    irrigation system that could sustain agricultural
    activities and sometimes other facilities such as
    a khan. It is speculated that they were not used
    as permanent shelters, perhaps functioning as
    stations on a caravan route, or as
    administrative outposts.
    Hishams palace (e.g. of Umayyad palace) plan

    EGYPT
    The fatimid conquerors from
    tunisia laid this city described
    as the gate of islam.
    Cairo is also known as the city
    of thousand minarets.
    The mosque of al-azhar is the
    first marvelous building of the
    fatimid dynasty of egypt. An
    exquisite madrasa is attached to
    it, which is one of the worlds
    oldest universities.
    Plan of al-azhar mosque.

    ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IN PERSIA


    Mosque at kufa
    Masjid-al-Azam located in Kfa, Iraq,
    is one of the earliest mosques in the
    world. The mosque, built in the 7th
    century, contains the remains of Muslim
    ibn Aql - first cousin ofHusayn ibn Al,
    his companion Hn ibn Urwa, and the
    revolutionary Mukhtr al-Thaqaf.
    The mosque contains nine sanctuaries
    and four traditional locations. It has four
    minarets and is served by five gates.

    ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IN SPAIN


    Cordoba: the great
    mosque at Cordoba
    In planning the mosque, the
    architects incorporated a number of
    Roman columns with choice capitals.
    Some of the columns were already in
    the Gothic structure; others were
    sent from various regions of Iberia as
    presents from the governors of
    provinces. Ivory, jasper, porphyry,
    gold, silver, copper, and brass were
    used in the decorations. Marvelous
    mosaics and azulejos were designed.

    ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IN TURKEY


    Mosque of Rustem
    Pasha, Istanbul
    The Rstem Pasha Mosque was
    designed by Ottoman imperial
    architect Mimar Sinan for the grand
    vizier Rstem Pasha.
    Rstem Pasha died in July 1561 and the
    mosque was built after his death from
    around 1561 until 1563. The mosque
    complex hosts now a religious school.

    Grand Mosque, Bursa


    Ordered by Sultan Bayezid I,
    the mosque was designed and built by
    architect Ali Neccar in 13961399. It is
    a large rectangular building, with
    twenty domes arranged in four rows of
    five that are supported by twelve
    columns.
    The mosque has two minarets.

    BIBLOGRAPHY
    The Great Ages Of World Architecture By G.K. Hiraskar
    Wikipedia
    www.khanacademy.com

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