JAINISM
JAINISM
JAINISM
• Any soul which has conquered its own inner enemies and achieved the
state of supreme being is called jina (Conqueror or Victor). Jainism is often
referred to as Jain Dharma (जैन धमर) or Shraman Dharma or the religion of
Nirgantha by ancient texts.
• The people of the Indus Valley not only practiced Yoga but worshipped the
images of Yogis. There are figures in Kayotsarga (first step of meditation,
that is relaxation with self-awareness) posture of standing are peculiarly
Jain.
Five Mahavratas
• Ahimsa: Non-violence in thought, word and deed
• Satya: Truth which is (hita) beneficial, (mita) succinct and (priya) pleasing
• Acaurya: Not accepting anything that has not been given to them by the owner
• Brahmacarya: Absolute purity of mind and body
• Aparigraha: Non-attachment to non-self objects
Three Guptis
• Managupti: Control of the mind
• Vacanagupti: Control of speech
• Kayagupti: Control of body
Five Samitis
• Irya Samiti: Carefulness while walking
• Bhasha Samiti: Carefulness while communicating
• Eshana Samiti: Carefulness while eating
• Adana Nikshepana Samiti: Carefulness while handling their fly-whisks, water gourds,
etc.
• Pratishthapana Samiti: Carefulness while disposing of bodily waste matter
KARMA
• Karma in Jainism conveys a totally different meaning than
commonly understood in the Hindu philosophy and
western civilization. It is not the so called inaccessible
force that controls the fate of living beings in inexplicable
ways. It does not mean "deed", "work", nor invisible,
mystical force (adrsta), but a complex of very fine matter,
imperceptible to the senses, which interacts with the soul,
causing great changes. Karma, then, is something material
(karmapaudgalam), which produces certain conditions, like
a medical pill has many effects. According to Robert
Zydendos, karma in Jainism is a system of laws, but natural
rather than moral laws. In Jainism, actions that carry moral
significance are considered to cause consequences in just
the same way as physical actions that do not carry any
moral significance. When one holds an apple in one's hand
and then let go of the apple, the apple will fall: this is only
natural. There is no judge, and no moral judgment
involved, since this is a mechanical consequence of the
physical action.
SANTHARA