A Introduction
A Introduction
A Introduction
Fractured Reservoirs
2nd Edition, R.A. Nelson (2001)
Gulf Professional Publishing
a subsidiary of
Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, MA
Ronald A. Nelson
Discipline
Location
History
Education
Skills
Publications
Liesegang
Banding in
Aztec Ss,
Nevada
General Outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Introduction
Fracture Origin
Fracture Morphology
Fracture Porosity
Fracture Permeability
F/M Interaction
Fracture Intensity
Intensity Prediction
9. Orientations
10. Reservoir Types
11. Well Directions
12. Simulation
13. Fracture Reservoir
Production
14. Reservoir Screening
15. Summary
(Field Examples)
Delineate Structure
Determine Mode & Path of Deformation
Define Mechanics of Fracture
Determine Paleo-stress Directions
Determine Velocity Anisotropy
Determine Mechanical Anisotropy
Predict Reservoir Properties & Potential
Dynamic Description
Static Conceptual
Model
Dynamic Conceptual
Model
Pressure
Derivative
Hansen
Subsurface
Outcrop
Wellbore
Geophysics
Oil
Water
Peng
Pressure
Nelson
Pressure
Temperature
Fluid Types
Energy
Peng
Simulation
Model
Rawnsley
Fundamental Approach
after Nelson (1985)
Fracture/matrix communication
Linkage in dual porosity system
Cross flow, connectivity, recovery
Log Characterization
Spacing Estimates
Fracture Zone Identification
Reservoir Simulation
Azimuth Predictions
Reservoir Analogs
Effects of Fracture and Diagenetic
History
Experience
Learnings from
BP, Amoco, &
Industry
Base-case learnings
from other fields and
analogues that give guidance
to current evaluations and
planning
Input Data
(Static & Dynamic)
Outcrop
Lab
Subsurface
Obtaining appropriate
quality input data to
characterize fractured
reservoirs
Business Model
& Decision
Cross Project
Issues
Models
(Static & Dynamic)
Improved Modeling Tools &
Procedures
Obtaining fast &
accurate modeling
routines & procedures
to predict fractured
reservoir performance
Fracture
A macroscopic planar discontinuity in rock
which is interpreted to be due to
deformation or physical diagenesis
It may be due to compactive or dilatent
processes, thus having either a positive or
negative effect on fluid flow
Its characteristics may have been modified
by subsequent deformation or diagenesis
Fractured Reservoir
Any reservoir in which naturally occurring
fractures have, or are predicted to have, a
significant effect of flow rates, anisotropy,
recovery, or storage.
Avoid
Fracture Denial
Fracture Denial
Keeps Us From:
Gathering important static data early
Optimizing our well locations & paths
Designing our secondary recovery patterns
correctly
Accurately predicting field rates & recovery
Economically depleting our field