Sport Injury and Management
Sport Injury and Management
Sport Injury and Management
MANAGEMENT
Onarisa Ayu, MD
Learning objectives
How to classify injuries as chronic or acute
How to classify injuries as soft tissue or hard tissue
Different types of skin damage cuts, grazes, blisters
and chafing
The causes and treatment of strains, sprains,
dislocations and torn cartilage
How to identify and treat fractures
The treatment of injuries R.I.C.E.
The causes and treatment of unconsciousness
D.R.A.B.C., resuscitation and the recovery position
The causes and treatment of concussion, dehydration
and hypothermia.
Any idea???
Bruise
Sprain
Fracture
Concussion
dislocation
CLASSIFYINGSPORTSINJURIES
direct
indirect
overuse
DIRECT INJURIES
Caused by forces
generated from
outside the body.
Direct injuries
result in
fractures,
dislocations,
sprains and
bruises.
INDIRECT INJURIES
Caused by a force
within the body.
Occur as a result of;
- inadequate warmup
- ballistic movements
- excessive strain on
muscles and tendons
OVERUSE INJURIES
OVERUSE INJURIES
Tendonitis;
irritation of tendons
e.g.in the Achilles
tendon in the heel.
SOFT TISSUE
This includes:
Muscles
Tendons
Ligaments
Joint tissue
Fatty tissue
Types of soft tissue injuries
include:
Bruises (haematoma)
Sprains (ligaments)
Strains (tendons)
Lacerations (skin)
Dislocations (joints)
Tendonitis (tendons)
HARD TISSUE
Hard tissue includes:
Teeth
Bones
Acute;
occurring
suddenly
Chronic;
prolonged
Chronic soft tissue
injuries
necessitates a long
rehabilitation due
to their severity.
Chronic injuries
Injuries can be classed as chronic or acute. First, we will
consider chronic injuries.
Chronic injuries are caused by continuous stress on a
body part over a long time.
Here are some common chronic injuries:
tennis elbow
golfers elbow
shin splints.
Chronic injuries
Golf and tennis put a lot of strain on the
elbow.
In golf and tennis elbow, the tendons that
attach muscles to the elbow joint become
inflamed, sore and painful.
Chronic injuries
Shin splints are pains in the lower leg,
caused by continuous stress over a
long period of time.
Either the tendons around the tibia
become inflamed, or stress fractures
develop these are cracks along the
length of the bone.
Shin splints should be treated with ice
and plenty of rest. Cushioned
footwear and special insoles can help
to prevent the injury returning.
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
This is the initial stage of repair involving the
first 48-72 hrs after the injury as the body
increases blood flow to the injured site.
Phase 1
Inflammatory
stage:
Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
Loss of
function
Phase 2 Repair
stage (3 days to
six weeks)
Eliminate debris
Form new fibres
Produce scar
tissue
Phase 3
Remodelling stage
(6 weeks to months)
development of
scar tissue tissue
needs to
strengthen in the
direction force is
applied
dependant on
amount of
exercise and
rehab routine
aim to regain full
function
LATERAL/MEDIAL ANKLE
For abrasions/lacerations:
For burns:
FRACTURES
It is a break in a bone, which can be
as simple as a small crack with no
visible deformity, or complex, in that
it may affect vital organs close to the
fracture site.
DISLOCATIONS
It is where one bone is displaced from another
Signs and symptoms may include:
Loss of movement at the joint
Obvious deformity
Swelling and tenderness
Pain at the injury site
FRACTURE DISLOCATION
ALWAYS THINK
DAMAGE
DAMAGE TO
SOFT TISSUES
NERVES
BLOOD VESSELS
MINIMAL MOVEMENT - IMMOBILISE.
TRANSPORT - AMBULANCE IN ALL CASES
OF MAJOR FRACTURE OR DISLOCATION.
A DISLOCATION IS A FRACTURE
UNTIL PROVEN OTHERWISE
FRACTURE DISLOCATION
GREAT CARE!
FRACTURE DISLOCATION
IMMOBILISATION?
DO NOT REDUCE!
ICE - SUPPORT - TRANSPORT
MEDICAL TREATMENT
Support the site with a sling or splint
Check for impaired circulation
Arrange for transport
Implement RICER if it does not cause pain.
NEVER ATTEMPT TO REDUCE/RELOCATE A
DISLOCATION!
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO RE-ALIGN FRACTURED
LIMBS!
SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION!
Unconsciousness
D.R.A.B.C.
Resuscitation
If an unconscious casualty is not breathing, rescue breaths (or mouthto-mouth resuscitation) can be used.
This involves the rescuer repeatedly blowing air
into the mouth of the casualty to inflate and
deflate their lungs. This allows some oxygen
into the body.
An unconscious casualty who is breathing and has no lifethreatening conditions should be placed in the recovery
position.
This keeps the airway open and prevents them
swallowing their own tongue or choking on vomit.
Concussion
EMPICS Ltd
Dehydration
When we exercise, especially in
hot conditions, the body loses water as a
result of sweating.
If the performer does not re-hydrate by
drinking lots of water, they may suffer
from dehydration.
The body also loses important
electrolytes salts which conduct nerve
impulses and maintain cell metabolism.
This results in the performer feeling very
tired, nauseous and faint.
Hypothermia
Normal body temperature is 37C.
If a performers body temperature falls
below 35C, they begin to suffer from
hypothermia.
People who take part in activities in
mountainous areas or on water are
particularly at risk.
Common symptoms of hypothermia are
shivering, paleness, loss of dexterity
and erratic behaviour.
ASSESSMENT OF INJURIES
D.R.A.B.C.D.
T.O.T.A.P.S.
THANK YOU