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    Global Warming: General Science & Ability by Mian Shafiq

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    rehmania78644
    Global warming refers to the recent and ongoing rise in the average temperature of the Earth's surface. It is caused mostly by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere from human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. Global warming is causing changes to climate patterns around the world. Evidence for global warming can be seen in rising sea levels, melting glaciers and sea ice, and more extreme weather events.

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    Global Warming: General Science & Ability by Mian Shafiq

    Uploaded by

    rehmania78644
    220 views32 pages
    Global warming refers to the recent and ongoing rise in the average temperature of the Earth's surface. It is caused mostly by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere from human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. Global warming is causing changes to climate patterns around the world. Evidence for global warming can be seen in rising sea levels, melting glaciers and sea ice, and more extreme weather events.

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    climate change

    Original Title

    Climate Change

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    Global warming refers to the recent and ongoing rise in the average temperature of the Earth's surface. It is caused mostly by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere from human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. Global warming is causing changes to climate patterns around the world. Evidence for global warming can be seen in rising sea levels, melting glaciers and sea ice, and more extreme weather events.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    220 views32 pages

    Global Warming: General Science & Ability by Mian Shafiq

    Uploaded by

    rehmania78644
    Global warming refers to the recent and ongoing rise in the average temperature of the Earth's surface. It is caused mostly by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere from human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. Global warming is causing changes to climate patterns around the world. Evidence for global warming can be seen in rising sea levels, melting glaciers and sea ice, and more extreme weather events.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    Global Warming

    General Science & Ability


    By
    Mian Shafiq

    Global Warming
    Global warmingrefers to the
    recent and ongoing rise
    inglobalaverage temperature
    nearEarth'ssurface.Itiscaused
    mostly
    by
    increasing
    concentrations of greenhouse
    gasesintheatmosphere.Global
    warmingis
    causingclimate
    patternstochange.

    Whatcausethetemperatureofthe
    atmospheretogoup?

    Natural variationtheclimatebecomeswarmerbyinternal
    chaoticdynamicsoftheearth-atmospheresystem(thatis,no
    externalinfluence).
    Solar activityeitherdirectincreaseofsolarenergyoutputor
    indirecttriggermechanismsduetosolar activity(thoughnobody
    knowshow)maycausethesurfacetemperaturetogoup.
    Greenhouse effectincreasinggreenhousegasessuchas
    CO2,CH4,NO,CFC,etc.(actuallyH2Oisveryefficient,too,but
    atpresentitisassumedtobeinsteadystate).
    Thelastoneispresentlythoughttobethemostlikelycauseofthe
    globalwarmingandhencewewillexamineithereinthischapter..

    Therealgreenhouse

    Green House Effect

    Earths Atmospheric Gases


    Nitrogen (N 2)

    Oxygen (O 2)

    NonGreenhouse
    Gases
    99%

    Water (H 2O)

    Carbon Dioxide
    Methane (CH 4)

    Greenhouse
    Gases
    1%

    GreenhouseGases
    Carbon

    dioxide

    combustionofsolidwaste,fossilfuels(oil,naturalgas,and

    coal),andwoodandwoodproducts
    Methane:

    productionandtransportofcoal,naturalgas,andoil.

    Methaneemissionsalsoresultfromthedecompositionof
    organicwastesinmunicipalsolidwastelandfills,andthe
    raisingoflivestock.
    Nitrous

    oxide

    agriculturalandindustrialactivities,aswellasduring

    combustionofsolidwasteandfossilfuels.
    hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs),perfluorocarbons(PFCs),andsulfur

    hexafluoride(SF6),

    BACKGROUND

    Humanactivityinfluence

    ACME-Session4-Introduction to UNFCCC and Kyoto protocol-7/48

    GHGEmissionsIncrease
    Sincepre-industrialtimesatmospheric

    concentrationsofCO2,CH4andN2Ohave
    climbedbyover31%,151%and17%,
    respectively.Scientistshaveconfirmed
    thisisprimarilyduetohumanactivity.
    Burningcoal,oilandgas,andcutting
    downforestsarelargelyresponsible.

    EGEE102-Pisupati

    Proxy indicators tell us about the past

    Proxy indicators = types of indirect evidence that


    serve as substitutes for direct measurements

    Ice caps, ice sheets, and glaciers hold clues to past


    climate

    Trapped bubbles in ice cores show atmospheric


    composition, greenhouse gas concentration,
    temperature trends, snowfall, solar activity, and
    frequency of fires

    15-10

    CLIMATE CHANGE
    Consequences of
    climate change:

    Agriculture and food security


    Crop yields, irrigation demands...
    Forest
    Composition, health and productivity...
    Water resources
    Water supply, water quality...
    Coastal areas
    Erosion, inundation, cost of prevention...

    >Temperatureincrease
    >Sealevelrise
    >Morerain

    Species and natural areas


    Biodiversity, modification of ecosystems...
    Human health
    Infectious diseases, human settlements...

    Predictedchangeswithincreased
    greenhousewarming

    Sealevelrise

    Increasedplantprimaryproductivity

    Shiftsinthedistributionofplantsandanimals

    Watercontaminationandoutbreaksofwater-borne
    diseases

    Increasedstormseverity

    Potentialmeltingorenlargementofpolaricecaps

    Changestopatternsofrainfall

    Moreseveredroughtsorincreasedprecipitation

    changestooceancirculationpatterns

    TemperatureChanges

    13

    Changes in Mean Sea


    Level
    Mean Sea Level Rise

    Year

    Projectedchangesinprecipitation

    Highlatitudes=increasedprecipitation
    Lowandmiddlelatitudes=decreasedprecipitationwill
    worsenwatershortagesindevelopingcountries

    Summer Arctic Sea Ice Decline


    Comparison between 1979 & 2005

    Greenland Seasonal Surface Melting

    Surface melting

    Permafrost

    Permafrost

    Permafrost melting

    Sea Level Rise


    Destroyscoastalhabitat(e.g.saltmarshes,
    mangroves)
    Destroyshumanproperty
    Increasespollution
    Decreasesfreshwatersupply

    Venice,2008

    Intergovernmental Panel on Climate


    Change (IPCC)

    Whywasitcreated?

    Createdin1988bythe
    UnitedNations
    EnvironmentalProgram

    Establishedtoprovide
    policy-makerswithan
    objectivesourceof
    informationabout
    climatechange

    Intergovernmental Panel on Climate


    Change (IPCC)

    TheIPCC2013reportconcludedthat
    itismorethan95%likelythatmost
    globalwarmingisduetohumans.

    Shallwepursuemitigationor
    adaptation?

    Mitigation:pursueactionsthatreduce

    greenhousegasemissionstolessenseverityof
    futureclimatechange

    Renewableenergy,efficiency,farmpracticestoprotect
    soilintegrity,preventingdeforestation

    Adaptation:acceptclimatechangeishappening

    andpursuestrategiestominimizeitsimpacts
    Usestechnologyandengineering,adjustingfarmingto
    copewithdroughts,etc.
    Criticizedassidestepping

    Botharenecessary

    Transportation
    Waystohelp:
    Makevehiclesmorefuel-efficient,hybridcars
    Driveless
    Publictransportationisthemosteffectiveway

    toconserveenergy,reducepollution.
    Liveclosertoyourworkplace,soyoucanbike
    orwalk.
    Designcitiesandworkplacestobemore
    friendlytopedestrianandbicycletraffic.

    Conventionalcarsareinefficient

    Thetypicalautomobileishighlyinefficient.

    HowmuchCO2iscreatedby_____/year
    http://calculator.carbonfootprint.com/calculator.aspx
    4m

    28t

    Iceland
    Ave. N.A.
    citizen
    15t

    Malawi

    Ave. UK
    citizen

    2000t

    7t

    1.3bt
    Germany

    1.5m

    Ave. world citizen

    Ave. Australian
    8.3bt

    Brazil
    682m

    1.4bt

    Rearing a child
    (carbon high)

    30t

    980m

    India

    890m
    Canada

    810m

    1.9bt
    Russia

    U.K.

    610m
    Australia

    France

    U.S.

    100t

    4.3bt

    Rearing a
    child (carbon
    consciously)

    China.

    373t
    Rearing a child.

    Top10solutionstoclimatechange
    1. Investincleanenergy

    2. Energyefficientcars

    3. Creategreenjobs

    4. Becomecarbonneutral

    5. Becomemoreenergyefficient
    6. Protectforests

    7. Taxglobalwarmingpollution
    8. Coalplantsusenewtechnology
    9. CapCO2emissions
    10.makelowpollutingbiofuelsmoreavailable

    QUESTION: Review
    Globalwarmingisdefinedas:
    a)
    b)
    c)
    d)
    e)

    Atmosphericconditionsatlocalizedsites
    Atmosphericconditionsoverhoursordays
    Anareaslong-termatmosphericconditions
    AnincreaseinEarthsaveragetemperature
    TrendsandvariationsinEarthsprecipitation

    QUESTION: Review
    Globalwarmingpotential,whenreferringtogreenhouse
    gases,means:
    a)
    b)
    c)
    d)
    e)

    Theabilityofamoleculetocontributetoglobalwarming
    Theabilityofamoleculetopreventglobalwarming
    Carbondioxideisthemostpotentgreenhousegas
    EnergytravelsbacktotheEarth,afterbeingemitted
    ThatallothermoleculesaremeasuredagainstCFCs

    QUESTION: Review
    Whichofthefollowingaremajorcontributors
    ofglobalwarming?
    a)
    b)
    c)
    d)
    e)

    Burningfossilfuelsandrecycling
    Deforestationandnuclearenergy
    Burningfossilfuelsanddeforestation
    Fossilfuelsandnuclearenergy
    Fossilfuelsandplantingforests

    QUESTION: Review
    Whichofthefollowinggreenhousegasesis
    notthemostpotent,butisextremely
    abundant?
    a)
    b)
    c)
    d)
    e)

    Methane
    Watervapor
    Carbondioxide
    Nitrousoxide
    Aerosols

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