Chemical Oxygen Demand
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Chemical Oxygen Demand
DEMAND
Selection of Method
Open Reflux Method is suitable for a wide
range of wastes where a large sample size
is preferred.
The Closed Reflux (Titrimetric and
Colorimetric) are more economical in the
use of metallic salt reagents and generate
smaller quantities of hazardous waste, but
homogenization of samples containing
suspended solids to obtain reproducible
results.
CLOSE REFLUX
(COLORIMETRIC METHOD)
Apparatus
Spectrophotometer suitable for
measurements of 600nm and
420nm
Hach COD Block Reactor or Heating
Oven capable of maintaining a
temperature of 1502oC
Culture tubes or Cuvettes
Reagents
Potassium Dichromate Digestion Solution,
High Range
Add to about 500 mL distilled water 10.216 g
K2Cr2O7 primary grade, previously dried at
150oC for 2 hours.
Add 167 mL concentrated H2SO4, and 33.3 g
HgSO4.
Dissolve, cool to room temperature, and dilute
to 1000 mL.
NOTE: Dissolution must be done in water bath under
the fume hood
Engr. Yvonne Ligaya F. Musico
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Reagents
Potassium Dichromate Digestion Solution,
Low Range
Add to about 500 mL distilled water 1.022 g
K2Cr2O7 primary grade, previously dried at
150oC for 2 hours.
Add 167 mL concentrated H2SO4, and 33.3 g
HgSO4.
Dissolve, cool to room temperature, and dilute
to 1000 mL.
NOTE: Dissolution must be done in water bath under
the fume hood.
Engr. Yvonne Ligaya F. Musico
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Reagents
Sulfuric Acid Reagent
Add Ag2SO4, reagent or technical grade,
crystal or powder, to concentrated H2SO4 at
the rate of 5.5 g Ag2SO4/kg H2SO4. Let stand
1 to 2 days to dissolve. Mix
NOTE: Prepare the reagents under the
fume hood.
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Reagents
Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate (KHP)
Standard Solution
Lightly crush and then dry KHP to constant
weight at 110oC
Dissolve 0.851g in distilled water and dilute
to 1000 mL
KHP has a theoretical COD of 1.176 mg
O2/mg.
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Precautionary Measures
Prepare the reagents (Potassium
Dichromate and Silver Catalyst and
Sulfuric Acid Solution) under the
fume hood.
Use nitrile gloves at all times.
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Calibration
High Range
Dilute the following COD standard
solution to 50 mL with water
Std. Solution, mL
COD, mg/L
2.5
50
5.0
100
10.0
200
20.0
400
30.0
600
40.0
800
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Calibration
Low Range
Dilute the following COD standard
solution to 200 mL with water
Std. Solution, mL
COD, mg/L
10
20
40
60
10
50
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PROCEDURE
1.5 mL K2Cr2O7
Digestion Solution
3.5 mL Ag2SO4
Catalyst
Mix
vigorously
and cool
Mix vigorously
Measure absorbance at
420 nm (low range)
600 nm (high range)
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