Human factors is a discipline that aims to optimize interactions between humans and technology or systems. It focuses on designing systems according to human abilities and limitations in order to improve safety, effectiveness and satisfaction. Some key aspects of human factors include understanding cognitive workload and optimizing human performance through good procedures and training. Applying human factors principles early in the design process can help reduce errors and improve various metrics.
Human factors is a discipline that aims to optimize interactions between humans and technology or systems. It focuses on designing systems according to human abilities and limitations in order to improve safety, effectiveness and satisfaction. Some key aspects of human factors include understanding cognitive workload and optimizing human performance through good procedures and training. Applying human factors principles early in the design process can help reduce errors and improve various metrics.
Human factors is a discipline that aims to optimize interactions between humans and technology or systems. It focuses on designing systems according to human abilities and limitations in order to improve safety, effectiveness and satisfaction. Some key aspects of human factors include understanding cognitive workload and optimizing human performance through good procedures and training. Applying human factors principles early in the design process can help reduce errors and improve various metrics.
Human factors is a discipline that aims to optimize interactions between humans and technology or systems. It focuses on designing systems according to human abilities and limitations in order to improve safety, effectiveness and satisfaction. Some key aspects of human factors include understanding cognitive workload and optimizing human performance through good procedures and training. Applying human factors principles early in the design process can help reduce errors and improve various metrics.
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Human Factor
Engineering Members: Briones, Khimmy De luna, Rie Ann Krizell Garin, Angel Kyle Irish Jornales, Joshua Rae Sanchez, Erika Diana Umali, Joshua Andrei
WHAT ARE HUMAN FACTORS?
Human factors is the discipline that tries to
establish a relationship between technology and the human.
Human factors deal with the human behavior,
abilities, limitations to the use of software, tools and other jobs to make their use easier. (Human Computer Interaction HCI)
Learning objective
Understand human factors and its
relationship to patient safety
Knowledge Requirements explain the meaning of the term
human factors explain the relationship between human factors and patient safety
HUMAN FACTORS DESIGN PRINCIPLES Psychomotor
Input Devices
- Hands
- Buttons
INTERFACE
Senses - Vision - Hearing
Output - Display - Sound
Human beings make
silly mistakes Regardless of their experience, intelligence, motivation or vigilance, people make mistakes
WHAT IS AN ERROR?
the failure of a planned action to achieve its
intended outcome
a deviation between what was actually done
and what should have been done
A definition that may be easier to
remember is:Doing the wrong thing when meaning to do the right thing.
SITUATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED RISK OF ERROR Unfamiliarity with the task Inexperience Inadequate checking Poor procedures Poor human equipment interface
INDIVIDUAL FACTORS THAT
PREDISPOSE TO ERROR
limited memory capacity
further reduced by:
fatigue
stress hunger
illness hazardous attitudes
APPLY HUMAN FACTORS THINKING
TO YOUR WORK ENVIRONMENT 1) 2) 3) 4)
5)
Avoid reliance on memory
Make things visible Simplify processes Standardize common processes and procedures Routinely use checklists
The fact that we can misperceive
situations despite the best of intentions is one of the main reasons that our decisions and actions can be flawed such that
Human Factors: Where are we???
ITS ALL ABOUT US
Area that seems poorly understood But a subject matter that will be familiar to most people Definition: Human factors refers to environmental, organisational and job factors and human and individual characteristics which influence behaviour at work in a way which can affect safety
FOCUS ON :
Cultural and organisational factors
Optimising human performance Human factors in high demand situations Human factors as a part of the engineering design process
Safety Culture
Teamworking
d an es ud ur tit vio At ha be
l o v n I
m e v
t n e
Participation
Behaviour
SAFETY CULTURE: A DEFINITION?
o
The concrete way to approach Safety
Culture The tangible outputs of the Safety Culture as viewed by individual group at a particular point in time Measurement through surveys, questionnaires.
TEAM WORKING: DEFINITION
A high-performing team of 5-15 people, with the technical skills , knowledge and authority to make decisions that would formerly have been made by a supervisor. They are appointed to manage themselves because the team members are the most familiar with the task they perform, therefore are the best to make improvements.
OPTIMISING HUMAN PERFORMANCE PROCEDURES AND COMPLIANCE My procedure will ensure the task is performed correctly
I know how to do this task, I dont need a procedure
Decision Aid Task Criticality Task Familiarity Tas k Co mpl exit y
High Infreq
Low
Rare Freq
Infreq
Rare Freq
JA
NWI
NWI
JA
NWI NWI
NWI
Medium NWI JA
SBS NWI
NWI
JA
NWI NWI
NWI
High
SBS NWI
JA
SBS NWI NWI
Low
Freq
Medium
NWI NWI
JA
JA
Infreq
No Written Instruction required: NWI
Job Aid required e.g checklist/memory aid: JA Step By Step instruction required: SBS
Rare
JA
TRAINING AND COMPETENCE
Training helps people acquire the skills, knowledge and attitudes to make them competent in the health and safety aspects of their works.
TRAINING Should be defined as a function of the needs found in the plant Implementation of a training management Annual training plan, training team, assessment, refreshment
COGNITIVE TASK LOAD ANALYSIS
Time
occupied
Level
of information processing
Task
set switching
The combination of the three
load factors determines the cognitive task load
WHY ALARM HANDLING?
A wide issue about assuring the human response to an alarm Operators routinely ignore alarm in the plant control room Operators facing as few as 10 alarms a minute in an emergency will quickly abandon the alarm list to reduce stress. They will find a way to solve the problem without using the alarms.
BENEFITS
Easier to interpret alarms for operators
Better control of processes Help avoid accidents
A typical plant can save approximately $3 500 000 per year
by providing good control during plant incidents and transition events such as start-ups, feed changes, etc.
PROCEDURE TO REDUCE HUMAN
ERRORS WITHIN A PROJECT Identification of Errors Causes Task analysis Action error analysis Performance shaping factor
Design solution to address the Error Causes
Human Factors in design:
Design for the human/system
interface and account for both cognitive and physical limits.
Key Measures/Goals
Improve effectiveness Improve efficiency Improve safety Improve satisfaction Improve tactile feel Decrease errors Reduce fatigue Reduce the learning curve Ensure operability and usability Meet users needs and wants Positive perception of product EARLY INVOLVEMENT IS KEY: YOU CAN USE AN ERASER ON THE DRAFTING TABLE OR A SLEDGEHAMMER ON THE CONSTRUCTION SITE. FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT
The Engineers Graph or why I dont need to do anything...
Engineering Safety management Accident rate
Human factors
Time I need to design better engineering
More procedures!
Behavioural modification will fix it(theirs not mine)
Fully Enlightened: Safety is a competitive advantage
Doing Things Badly
Doing Things Well
Accidents
Profit Safety
Costs
Revenue
These Organisations typically do not have a safety department
BACKGROUND: HISTORY OF HUMAN FACTORS
EARLY DAYS
LATER
UNDERSTANDING COMPLEXITY
NOW
MODERN HUMAN FACTORS UNDERSTANDS THAT
PEOPLE USE TECHNOLOGY
TO ACCOMPLISH THEIR GOALS
IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT.
FOUNDATIONAL HUMAN FACTORS: FOCUS ON USEFUL AND
USABLE Usability : the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in a specified context of use. (ISO 9241-11)
For Example:
TOWARDS THE NEW HUMAN FACTORS: ADDING DESIRABLE
For Example:
Break out of the sea of
white
Provide a useful and
usable product.
Meet / exceed consumer
needs. pleasure usability functionality safety and well-being
SUMMARY Human factors engineering is about designing the workplace and the equipment in it to accommodate for limitations of human performance
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