Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 386 views

    Linearity and Superposition

    Uploaded by

    krishneel
    This document discusses circuit theorems including superposition, Thevenin's, and Norton's theorems. It explains that circuits can be analyzed using Kirchhoff's laws but for complex circuits, circuit theorems are needed to simplify the analysis. The document then discusses the linearity property, stating that a circuit is linear if its output is directly proportional to its input. It provides examples of using linearity to solve circuit problems. Finally, the document explains the superposition theorem, stating that the voltage or current across an element is the sum of the contributions from each independent source acting alone. It provides steps and examples for using superposition to solve for voltages and currents in circuits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Linearity and Superposition

    Uploaded by

    krishneel
    386 views24 pages
    This document discusses circuit theorems including superposition, Thevenin's, and Norton's theorems. It explains that circuits can be analyzed using Kirchhoff's laws but for complex circuits, circuit theorems are needed to simplify the analysis. The document then discusses the linearity property, stating that a circuit is linear if its output is directly proportional to its input. It provides examples of using linearity to solve circuit problems. Finally, the document explains the superposition theorem, stating that the voltage or current across an element is the sum of the contributions from each independent source acting alone. It provides steps and examples for using superposition to solve for voltages and currents in circuits.

    Original Description:

    linearity and superposition

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses circuit theorems including superposition, Thevenin's, and Norton's theorems. It explains that circuits can be analyzed using Kirchhoff's laws but for complex circuits, circuit theorems are needed to simplify the analysis. The document then discusses the linearity property, stating that a circuit is linear if its output is directly proportional to its input. It provides examples of using linearity to solve circuit problems. Finally, the document explains the superposition theorem, stating that the voltage or current across an element is the sum of the contributions from each independent source acting alone. It provides steps and examples for using superposition to solve for voltages and currents in circuits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    386 views24 pages

    Linearity and Superposition

    Uploaded by

    krishneel
    This document discusses circuit theorems including superposition, Thevenin's, and Norton's theorems. It explains that circuits can be analyzed using Kirchhoff's laws but for complex circuits, circuit theorems are needed to simplify the analysis. The document then discusses the linearity property, stating that a circuit is linear if its output is directly proportional to its input. It provides examples of using linearity to solve circuit problems. Finally, the document explains the superposition theorem, stating that the voltage or current across an element is the sum of the contributions from each independent source acting alone. It provides steps and examples for using superposition to solve for voltages and currents in circuits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik

    CIRCUIT THEOREMS

    Superposition
    Thevenins
    Nortons
    Source Transformation

    Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik

    CIRCUIT THEOREMS

    Circuits can be analysed using Kirchhoffs laws


    without
    tampering
    with
    their
    original
    configurations.

    However, for complex and large circuits, using


    kirchhoffs laws will be tedious.

    Thus circuit theorems can be used to simplify


    circuit analysis.

    LINEARITY PROPERTY

    Linearity Property

    It is the property of an element describing a


    linear relationship between cause and effect.

    A linear circuit is one whose output is linearly


    related (or directly proportional) to its input.

    A circuit is said to be linear if it is both additive


    and homogenous. A linear circuit consists of only
    linear elements, linear dependent sources and
    independent sources.

    Linearity Property

    Homogeneity property requires that if an input is


    multiplied by a constant, then the output is
    multiplied by the same constant
    v=iR

    kv=kiR

    Additivity property requires that the response to a


    sum of inputs is the sum of the responses to each
    input applied separately.
    v1 = i1 R and v2 = i2 R
    v = (i1 + i2) R = v1 + v2

    Linearity Property
    Example 4.1
    Find I0 when vs = 12 V and vs = 24 V

    Linearity Property
    Example 4.1
    Assume I0 = 1 A, use linearity to find the actual value of I0

    Linearity Property
    Practice Problem 4.1
    Find vo when is = 15 A and is = 30 A

    Linearity Property
    Practice Problem 4.2
    Assume that V0 = 1 V and use linearity to calculate the actual
    value of V0 in the circuit below

    Linearity Property
    Problem 4.4
    Use Linearity to determine i0

    10

    Linearity Property
    Problem 4.5
    Assume V0 = 1 V, use linearity to find the actual value of V0

    11

    SUPERPOSITION
    THEOREM

    12

    Superposition Theorem

    It states that the voltage across (or current


    through) an element in a linear circuit is the
    algebraic sum of the voltage across (or currents
    through) that element due to EACH independent
    source acting alone.

    The principle of superposition helps us to analyze


    a linear circuit with more than one independent
    source by calculating the contribution of each
    independent source separately.

    13

    Superposition Theorem
    Steps to apply superposition principle
    1. Turn

    off all independent sources except one


    source. Find the output (voltage or current)
    due
    to that active source using nodal or
    mesh
    analysis.
    2. Repeat step 1 for each of the other independent
    sources.
    3. Find the total contribution by adding algebraically
    all the contributions due to the independent
    sources.

    14

    Superposition Theorem
    Two things have to be kept in mind:
    1.

    When we say turn off all other independent


    sources:
    Independent voltage sources are replaced by
    0 V (short circuit) and
    Independent current sources are replaced by
    0 A (open circuit).

    2.

    Dependent sources are left intact because they


    are controlled by circuit variables.
    15

    Superposition Theorem
    Example 4.3
    Use the superposition theorem to find
    v in the circuit shown below.

    3A is discarded by
    open-circuit

    6V is discarded
    by short-circuit
    16

    Superposition Theorem
    Practice Problem 4.3
    Use the superposition theorem to find v0 in the circuit shown
    below.

    17

    Superposition Theorem
    Example 4.4
    Use the superposition theorem to find i0 in the circuit shown below.

    18

    Superposition Theorem
    Practice Problem 4.4
    Use the superposition theorem to find Vx in the circuit shown
    below.

    19

    Example 4.5
    Use the superposition theorem to find i
    in the circuit shown below.

    20

    Superposition Theorem
    Practice Problem 4.5
    Find I in the circuit below using superposition

    21

    Tutorial

    (Superposition Theorem)

    Problem 4.11
    Use superposition principle to find i0 and v0 in the circuit below

    22

    Tutorial

    (Superposition Theorem)

    Practice Problem 4.15


    Use superposition to find i. Calculate the power delivered to the 3-ohm resistor

    23

    Tutorial

    (Superposition Theorem)

    Practice Problem 4.16


    Find io in the circuit below using superposition

    24

    You might also like