03b Admixtures 141016062553 Conversion Gate02
03b Admixtures 141016062553 Conversion Gate02
03b Admixtures 141016062553 Conversion Gate02
Definition
Admixtures
are
those ingredients
in concrete other
than
Portland
cement,
water,
and aggregates
that are added to
the
mixture
immediately
before or during
mixing.
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Admixture Effectiveness
The
effectiveness of an admixture
depends upon:
Type, brand, and amount of
cementing materials
water content
aggregate shape, gradation and
proportions
mixing time
Slump
Temperature of the concrete.
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Admixtures Classification
Air-entraining
admixtures
Water-reducing
admixtures
Plasticizers
Accelerating admixtures
Retarding admixtures
Hydration-control
admixtures
Corrosion inhibitors
Shrinkage reducers
Alkali-silica reactivity
inhibitors
Coloring admixtures
Miscellaneous
admixtures such as
workability,
bonding,
dampproofing,
permeability reducing,
grouting,
gas-forming,
anti washout,
foaming,
pumping admixtures
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Admixtures
cement content
type of aggregate
ratio of cement ,fine and coarse aggregate
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Plasticizers - Advantages
Increase
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Use of Plasticizers:
Description
Dosage.
Cement W/C Slump
Compressive
strength N/mm2
of mix
% cement wt kg/m3
Ratio cm
1 day 3 days 7 days
28 days
Reference -- 300
0.6 7
7
18 26 34
Plasticizes 0.2%
300
0.6 10 7
18 28 37
0.3% 300
0.6 12 6
17 27 35
Strength increase 0.2%
300
0.56
7
7
21 32 41
0.3% 300
0.54
7
8
23 33 44
Cement saving 0.2%
280
0.6 7
7
19 28 36
0.3% 270
0.6 7
6
19 27 35
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Effects of Plasticizer
Super Plasticizer
Super
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melamine formaldehyde
condensates
Sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde
condensates
Modified lignosulfonates
Others such as sulfonic acid esters
and carbohydrate esters
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Advantages
Cement
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Retardation in Setting
Time
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Strength Development
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Compressive
strength
development
in flowing
concretes. C
is the control
mixture.
Mixtures FN,
FM, and
FX contain
super
plasticizers
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Retarding Admixtures
Chemical Composition
Lignosulphonic
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Advantages of Retarders
Improves
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Materials - Retarders
Gypsum.
Starches.
Cellulose.
Sugar.
Acids
and salts.
Lignosulphonic acids and theirs salts.
Hydroxylated carboxylic acids and
their salts.
Calcium Acetate
Accelerators
Accelerators
Accelerators
Material
Accelerators
Alkali Hydroxides,
Silicates
Fluoro-Silicates
Organic Compounds,
Calcium Formates,
Calcium Nitrates
Calcium ThioSulphates
Aluminium Chlorides
Potassium Carbonates
Sodium Chlorides
Calcium Chlorides.
Mechanism
Accelerators
Not explicitly understood.
Set accelerate formation
of ettringite.
Inorganic accelerate rate
of dissolution of
tricalcium silicate
resulting in better
hydration.
Hardening accelerators
reduce distance between
CSH to interaction and
better strength.
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Advantages
Shortens
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Calcium Chloride
Calcium
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Chemical Composition
Abietic
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Advantages
Durability
Reduced
linking them.
Increase in inter particle attraction caused by
adsorption of air entrainer.
Bubble acting as extra fine filler and increased total
surface area of constituents relative to water volume.
Water flow between cement particles is restricted.
Workability
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Other Admixtures
HYDRATION-CONTROL
ADMIXTURE .
CORROSION INHIBITORS.
CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES TO REDUCE ALKALI-AGGREGATE
REACTIVITY (ASR INHIBITORS)
SHRINKAGE-REDUCING ADMIXTURES.
COLORING ADMIXTURES (PIGMENTS)
PUMPING AIDS
DAMPPROOFING ADMIXTURES
BONDING ADMIXTURES AND BONDING AGENTS
PERMEABILITY-REDUCING ADMIXTURES
GROUTING ADMIXTURES
FUNGICIDAL, GERMICIDAL, AND INSECTICIDAL ADMIXTURES
ANTIWASHOUT ADMIXTURES
GAS-FORMING ADMIXTURES
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