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    CSE 237a Topic Research Slavik Bryksin Vbryksin@cs - Ucsd.edu: Data Transmission Standards Over GSM/UMTS Networks

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     Data transmission standards over cellular networks have evolved from 2G to 3G and beyond. 2G standards included GSM, GPRS, and EDGE, while 3G included UMTS, W-CDMA, HSDPA, and HSUPA.  Newer standards provided increased bandwidth and throughput by using newer modulation schemes and multiple antennas. For example, HSPA+ supports bandwidth up to 42Mbps downlink and 11.5Mbps uplink by using 64QAM modulation and MIMO antennas.  Different standards use different multiple access technologies like TDMA, FDMA, and CDMA. While GSM used TDMA/FDMA, UMTS

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    CSE 237a Topic Research Slavik Bryksin Vbryksin@cs - Ucsd.edu: Data Transmission Standards Over GSM/UMTS Networks

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     Data transmission standards over cellular networks have evolved from 2G to 3G and beyond. 2G standards included GSM, GPRS, and EDGE, while 3G included UMTS, W-CDMA, HSDPA, and HSUPA.  Newer standards provided increased bandwidth and throughput by using newer modulation schemes and multiple antennas. For example, HSPA+ supports bandwidth up to 42Mbps downlink and 11.5Mbps uplink by using 64QAM modulation and MIMO antennas.  Different standards use different multiple access technologies like TDMA, FDMA, and CDMA. While GSM used TDMA/FDMA, UMTS

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     Data transmission standards over cellular networks have evolved from 2G to 3G and beyond. 2G standards included GSM, GPRS, and EDGE, while 3G included UMTS, W-CDMA, HSDPA, and HSUPA.  Newer standards provided increased bandwidth and throughput by using newer modulation schemes and multiple antennas. For example, HSPA+ supports bandwidth up to 42Mbps downlink and 11.5Mbps uplink by using 64QAM modulation and MIMO antennas.  Different standards use different multiple access technologies like TDMA, FDMA, and CDMA. While GSM used TDMA/FDMA, UMTS

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    CSE 237a Topic Research Slavik Bryksin Vbryksin@cs - Ucsd.edu: Data Transmission Standards Over GSM/UMTS Networks

    Uploaded by

    Muneeb Ur Rehman
     Data transmission standards over cellular networks have evolved from 2G to 3G and beyond. 2G standards included GSM, GPRS, and EDGE, while 3G included UMTS, W-CDMA, HSDPA, and HSUPA.  Newer standards provided increased bandwidth and throughput by using newer modulation schemes and multiple antennas. For example, HSPA+ supports bandwidth up to 42Mbps downlink and 11.5Mbps uplink by using 64QAM modulation and MIMO antennas.  Different standards use different multiple access technologies like TDMA, FDMA, and CDMA. While GSM used TDMA/FDMA, UMTS

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    of 16

    Data transmission standards over GSM/UMTS networks

    CSE 237a

    Topic Research

    Slavik Bryksin

    [email protected]
    2G to 3G

    xG differentiation is mostly a marketing term

    GSM/UMTS compete with cdmaOne/CDMA2000 standards

    Many standards and variations


    Access methods

    TDMA time division multiple access

    CDMA - code division multiple access

    FDMA - frequency division multiple access

    W-CDMA - wideband code division multiple access


    GSM data transmission (2G)

    Global System for Mobile communications

    FDD (frequency division duplex)

    TDMA/FDMA

    Modulation: Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK)

    Theoretical bandwidth: 9.6 Kbps


    GPRS (2.5G)

    General Packet Radio Service

    Packet switched

    Relies on FDD/FDMA for RTS/CTS and TDMA for data transfers

    Theoretical maximum bandwidth of 171.2 Kbps (downlink)

    Practical bandwidth is around 57 Kbps (downlink)


    EDGE (2.75G)

    Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (a.k.a EGPRS)

    Packet switched

    Modulation

    - GMSK (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying)

    - 8-PSK (Phase Shift Keying)

    Multiple Access

    - Combination of TDMA & FDMA

    Can be deployed on existing GPRS networks with minimal cost

    Theoretical bandwidth: 473.6 Kbps (8-PSK, 8x59.2Kbps per time slot)

    Practical bandwidth up to 384 Kbps


    HSCSD (2.5G)

    High Speed Circuit Switched Data

    Circuit switched

    TDMA-based

    Enhancement of CSD standard (allocation of a single dedicated time


    slot)

    Uses multiple time slots which are reserved to 1 user

    Lower latency then packet switched technologies: no need for


    RTS/CTS

    Theoretical bandwidth: 115.2Kbps (8 x 14.4Kbps per timeslot)

    Practical bandwidth: 57.6Kbps (4 time slots)


    UMTS (3G)

    Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

    W-CDMA as air interface

    Wide spectrum: 2x5Mhz channels for downlink/uplink

    Compatible with GSM, but uses different frequency bands



    But spectrum licenses are expensive

    3G+ Data transmission standards: FOMA, HSDPA/HSUPA,


    HSPA+, UMTS-TDD
    W-CDMA

    Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

    Developed by NTT Docomo



    Broke strong stand of Qualcomm in CDMA standards

    Used in FOMA network in Japan, adopted in UMTS standards

    2 types of duplexing: FDD and TDD

    Pair of 5Mhz channels (vs. 1x, 3x, pairs of 1.25Mhz in


    CDMA2000)
    FOMA

    Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access

    First 3G service by NTT Docomo

    Launched in 2001 in Japan

    Practical bandwidth (cited by Docomo): 3.6 Mbps downlink,


    384Kbps uplink

    Initial implementation was power inefficient

    Now moved to use HSDPA/HSUPA standard over W-CDMA


    HSDPA

    High Speed Downlink Packet Access

    Gaining foothold quickly: uses existing 3G netoworks infrastructure

    Adaptive Modulation and Coding: based on signal quality raise to


    16QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) with 3.6Mb/s and up
    rates, or drop back to QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)

    Fast Packet Scheduling: base station determines how much data to


    send to devices based on their link strength

    Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ): Store erroneous packets.


    Request retransmit of corrupt packets and combine.

    Shorter TTI (Transmission Time Interval) of 2ms

    High Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH) with constant


    Spreading Factor 16 (SF-16) CDMA codes (variable in CDMA)

    transmitted at constant power while modulation, coding and
    number of codes change according to signal conditions
    HSUPA

    High Speed Uplink Packet Access (aka EUL Enhanced UpLink)

    Same techniques as HSDPA for modulation

    Dedicated uplink channel

    HARQ

    Fast Packet Scheduling: device initiates the transmission



    Scheduled: base station dynamically sets power level of the device
    transmission

    Non-Scheduled: Constant power level set by the device

    Theoretical bandwidth: HSDPA 14.4Mbps/ HSUPA 5.76Mbps

    Practical bandwidth is usually capped:

    At&t 3G services: HSDPA: 700 Kbps1.7 Mbps

    HSUPA: 500 Kbps1.2 Mbps


    HSPA+

    High Speed Packet Access Evolved



    Enhancement of HSDPA/HSUPA

    Currently developed/deployed

    Increase data rates by addition of MIMO antennas (multiple


    transmit/receive antennas)

    Continuous Packet Connectivity: reduce uplink interference of


    dedicated channels when no data is transmitted

    64QAM modulation on downlink

    16QAM modulation on uplink

    Theoretical bandwidth of 42Mbps/11.5Mbps!


    UMTS-TDD

    TD-CDMA air interface (similar to W-CDMA)

    But uses TDD unlike FDD in W-CDMA based standards

    Designed to work in a single unpaired frequency band

    Allows fine control over downlink/uplink bandwidth

    Not compatible with UMTS W-CDMA networks

    Theoretical bandwidth: 16Mbps/16Mbps


    References

    1. C. Foh', B. Meini, B. Wvdrowski', M Zukerman. Modeling and Performance Evaluation of GPRS, Vehicular
    Technology Conference, 2001. VTC 2001 Spring. IEEE VTS 53rd

    2. A. FURUSKAR, S. MAZUR, F. ULLER, H OLOFSSON, EDGE: Enhanced Data Rates for GSM and
    TDMA/736 Evolution,: Personal Communications, IEEE, Jun 1999, Vol. 6, Issue: 3 pp 56-66

    3. EDGE white paper.


    http://www.ericsson.com/solutions/tems/library/tech_papers/tech_related/edge_wp_technical.pdf

    4. Jouni Korhonen, Olli Aalto, Andrei Gurtov,Heimo Laamanen, Measured Performance of GSM HSCSD and
    GPRS, IEEE International Conference, vol. 5, pp. 1330-1334, 2001

    5. Erik Dahlman, et al. WCDMAThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications, IEEE
    Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 1105-1118, Nov 1998

    6. W-CDMA white paper. http://www.ericsson.com/technology/whitepapers/innovations_in_wcdma.pdf

    7. T. Kolding, F. Frederiksen, P. Mogensen, Performance Aspects of WCDMA Systems with High Speed
    Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), Proceedings of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, vol1, pp 477-
    481, 2002

    8. R. Love et al, High Speed Downlink Packet Access Performance, Proceedings of IEEE Vehicular
    Technology Conference (VTC), May 2001, vol. 3, pp. 22342238.

    9. Gaurav Sharma & Kumar G S, Moving towards HSUPA (High Speed Uplink packet Access): A Complete 3.5
    G Wireless System, IEEE International Conference on Personal Wireless Communications, Jan 2005. pp. 174-
    177

    10. HDSPA white paper.


    References

    10. H. Holma et al., High-Speed Packet Access Evolution in 3GPP Release 7, Communications Magazine, IEEE,
    vol. 45,no. 12, Dec 2007 pp. 29 - 35

    11. HSPA+ http://www.ericsson.com/technology/whitepapers/hspa_and_mobile_wimax.pdf

    12. T. Ojanpera, An Overview of Air Interface Multiple Access for I M T- 2000/UMTS, Communications Magazine,
    IEEE, Sep 1998, vol 36, no. 9, pp. 82-86, 91-5

    13. C. Mihailescu, X. Lagrange, Ph. Godlewski, PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A DYNAMIC RESOURCE


    ALLOCATION ALGORITHM FOR UMTS-TDD SYSTEMS, Proceedings of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference,
    2000. vol 3, pp. 2339-2343

    14. UMTS-TDD http://www.umtstdd.org/technology.html

    15. AT&T 3G services http://www.wireless.att.com/learn/why/technology/3g-umts.jsp

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