Crystallization
Crystallization
Crystallization
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SOLUBILITY CURVE
Solubility curve for some typical salts in water Solubility curve for sodium thiosulfate
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SOLID-LIQUID PHASE DIAGRAM
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YIELD & HEAT & MATERIAL BALANCES
yield of crystals can be calculated by knowing:
initial concentration of solute
final temperature
solubility at this temperature
material balances
kg H2O evaporate Mass balance :
Water balance : Input = Output
Solute balance : Input = Output
F kg Hot solution S kg solution
X1 kg solute/ X2 kg solute/
100 kg H2O 100 kg H2O
C kg Crystal
solute crystals are anhydrous - simple water & solute material balances
crystals are hydrated - some water in the solution is removed with crystals
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EXAMPLE
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EXAMPLE
A salt solution weighing 10000 kg with 30 wt. % Na2CO3 is cooled from 333K
to 293K. The salt crystallizes as the decahydrate. What will be the yield of
Na2CO3.10H2O crystals if the solubility is 21.5 kg anhydrous Na2CO3/100kg
water?
a) Assume that no water is evaporated.
b) Assume that 3% of the total weight of the solution is lost by evaporation of
water in cooling.
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EXAMPLE
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HEAT BALANCES IN CRYSTALLIZATION
normally, crystallization is exothermic W kg H2O
HV kJ/kg
hF kJ/kg hS kJ/kg
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EXAMPLE
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EXAMPLE
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