2015 Strucure of English
2015 Strucure of English
2015 Strucure of English
ALICE M. KARAAN
Former Head, Department of English
Reviewer
Part II
ANALYZING TEST ITEMS
1. The sentence The audience
clapped when the musical rendition
was over, illustrates one of these
patterns. Which one is it?
A. N InV
B. N LV Adj
C. N TrV N
D. N InV Adv
Basic Sentence Patterns
Pattern Symbols
N3 = indirect object
Types of Transitive Verbs
Complex transitive: takes two
objects, but what follows the direct
object relates back to it
N2 = object complement
Functions of Nouns
Subject of verb
The guest is amiable.
Subject complement
He is my hero. (predicate noun)
They are excited. (predicate adjective)
Direct object
Mother gave a gift
Indirect object
Mother gave a gift to the orphan.
Mother gave the orphan a gift.
Functions of Nouns
Object complement/object noun predicate
They elected Mario president.
Appositive
Baguio City, the summer capital of the
Philippines, is no longer as beautiful as it was
before.
Vocative
Friends, shall we play tennis tomorrow?
Object of the preposition
PNU is at the corner of Taft Avenue and Ayala
Boulevard.
2. In the sentence, The club meeting
will be over in an hour, the
underlined phrase functions as _____.
A. subject complement
B. predicate noun
C. prepositional phrase
D. adverbial
Forms of Adverbials
Adverbial clause:
She cried because she lost her
wallet.
Adverbial phrase:
She cried very silently.
Prep. phrase:
Jason woke up at seven oclock
3. Which of the following sentences
does not have a linking verb?
Other verbs
appear, feel, look, prove, seem,
smell, sound, taste, become, fall, get,
go, grow, keep, remain, stay may be
substituted by an appropriate be verb
4. Which of these is a passive sentence?
Passive morphology : be . . . en
(a form of the be verb + the past participle)
AGENTED passive: the agent is mentioned (appears
in a prepositional phrase marked by the preposition
by.
The child was saved by the lifeguard.
Inflectional Derivational
Keeps the class of Changes the class . . . .
the word to which it
is added
Unmarked
means predictable, typical,
regular, basic
Marked
means not common, irregular
10. In the verb phrase, will have
been chosen, the operator verb
is _____.
A. will
B. have
C. been
D. chosen
Operator Verb
Related to the concept of auxiliary/helping
verbs
Do insertion:
The baby does take a nap every day.
The babies do take a nap every day.
The baby/babies did take a nap this
morning.
Tag Questions
1. A tag question comes at the end of a
statement.
2. It asks for agreement or disagreement.
3. It is positive after a negative statement
and vice versa.
round supreme
fatal total
unique unanimous
possible impossible
equal eternal
final infinite
12. Which of the following phrases is
properly sequenced?
A. an old ugly gray wooden statue
B. a wooden old ugly gray statue
C. an ugly old gray wooden statue
D. a gray wooden old ugly statue
Order of One-Word Adjectives
in a Series
Opinion pretty
Size small
Shape round
Condition chipped
Age antique
Color blue
Origin Chinese
many pretty small round chipped antique
blue Chinese vases
Order of Determiners
Pre-Det Core Det Post- Adj Nou
Det n
QUANTIFIERS ARTICLES CARDINAL
all a/an, the NUMBERS
both one/two
half POSS. ADJECTIVES
my/your/his, etc. ORDINAL young boys
NUMBERS
MULTIPLIERS DEMONSTRATIVES first/secon
twice this/these, etc. d
four times next, last
NOUN
POSSESSIVES
QUANTIFIERS
INDEFINITE little,
WORDS
13. Which of the following
questions is positively phrased?
A. How young are you today?
B. How old are you today?
C. Whats your age today?
D. All of the above
Polarity
Positive Negative
old young
big small
longshort
fast slow
Positive:
Are unmarked forms (more frequent), learned
earlier by children, used in neutral contexts
14. One of the most powerful countries
which existed several years back is
_____ Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics. What article is missing?
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. none
Article Use
Nouns
Common Proper
(inherently
definite)
Count Noncoun
t
(mass)
sg. pl. sg. pl.
both . . . and
either . . . or
neither . . . nor
not . . . but
not only . . . but also
18. The amount which she paid for is a
student loan. The underlined
group of words is considered _____.
A. an independent clause
B. a dependent clause
C. a fragment
D. a subject complement
Relative Clause
A dependent clause
A product of an embedding process
An adjective clause (noun modifier)
The amount is a student loan.
She paid for the amount.
which
The amount [she paid for the amount] is a
student loan.
The amount which she paid for is a student loan.
19. My brother doesnt like meat
and neither do I. The underlined
words show _____.
A. uninverted affirmative elision
B. inverted affirmative elision
C. uninverted negative elision
D. inverted negative elision
Elision Process
My brother doesnt like meat.
I do not like meat.
Uninverted negative elision
My brother doesnt like meat and I dont, either.
Inverted negative elision
My brother doesnt like meat and neither do I.
1. Restrictive:
necessary/essential for defining
which noun is being referred to
The house which is decorated
by the Albas is quite
unusual.
2. Non-restrictive: not
necessary/ non-essential;
simply adds information
22. His bag is more expensive than
mine. His father bought it when he
went to Singapore. The word
mine is called _____.
A. possessive pronoun
B. subject pronoun
C. possessive determiner
D. demonstrative determiner
23. In the word nationalism, which
part of the word functions as the
base?
A. nation
B. national
C. nat-
D. ism
Types of Morphemes
Connotation
= the emotional association with a
word; association can be personal
or communal.
25. In which phrase is the spatial
meaning of the preposition
about shown?
A. ran about the school ground
B. about 7:00 in the morning
C. about -4 degrees centigrade
D. a movie about space aliens
My Fervent Wish