Vectors
Vectors
Vectors
Level 1 Physics
Objectives and Essential
Questions
Objectives Essential Questions
Distinguish between What is a vector
basic trigonometric quantity? What is a
functions (SOH CAH TOA) scalar quantity? Give
Distinguish between examples of each.
vector and scalar
quantities
Add vectors using
graphical and analytical
methods
SCALAR
A SCALAR quantity Scalar
is any quantity in Example Magnitude
physics that has
Speed 35 m/s
MAGNITUDE ONLY
Distance 25 meters
Number value
Age 16 years
with units
VECTOR
A VECTOR quantity Vector Magnitude
is any quantity in Example and
physics that has Direction
BOTH MAGNITUDE Velocity 35 m/s, North
and DIRECTION
Acceleration 10 m/s2, South
Force 20 N, East
r r r
x, v, a, F An arrow above the symbol
illustrates a vector quantity.
It indicates MAGNITUDE and
DIRECTION
VECTOR APPLICATION
ADDITION: When two (2) vectors point in the SAME direction, simply
add them together.
46.5 m, E + 20 m, E
46.5 m, E
-
20 m, W
26.5 m, E
NON-COLLINEAR VECTORS
When two (2) vectors are PERPENDICULAR to each other, you must
use the PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM
FINIS
Example: A man travels 120 km east H
then 160 km north. Calculate his the hypotenuse is
called the RESULTANT
resultant displacement.
160 km, N
c 2 = a2 + b2 c = a2 + b2 VERTICAL
COMPONENT
2 2
c = resultan t = [(120) + (160) ]
c = 200 km 120 km, E
HORIZONTAL COMPONENT
WHAT ABOUT DIRECTION?
In the example, DISPLACEMENT asked for and since it is a VECTOR quanti
we need to report its direction.
W of N E of N
N of E
N of W
N of E
W E
S of W S of E
NOTE: When drawing a right triangle
that conveys some type of motion, you
W of S E of S
MUST draw your components HEAD
TO TOE. S
NEED A VALUE ANGLE!
Just putting N of E is not good enough (how far north of east ?).
We need to find a numeric value for the direction.
So the COMPLETE final answer is : 200 km, 53.1 degrees North of East
What are your missing
components?
Suppose a person walked 65 m, 25 degrees East of North.
What were his horizontal and vertical components?
The goal: ALWAYS MAKE A RIGHT
H.C. = ?
TRIANGLE!
12 m, W
- =
14 m, N
6 m, S
20 m, N
R 14 2 232 26.93m
14
35 m, E R 14 m, N Tan .6087
23
Tan 1 (0.6087) 31.3
23 m, E
The Final Answer: 26.93 m, 31.3 degrees NORTH or EAST
Example
A boat moves with a velocity of 15 m/s, N in a river which
flows with a velocity of 8.0 m/s, west. Calculate the
boat's resultant velocity with respect to due north.
Rv 82 152 17 m / s
8.0 m/s, W
8
15 m/s, N
Tan 0.5333
Rv 15
Tan 1 (0.5333) 28.1
63.5 m/s
adj H .C. 63.5 cos 32 53.85 m / s, E
opp V .C. 63.5 sin 32 33.64 m / s, S
Example
A storm system moves 5000 km due east, then shifts
course at 40 degrees North of East for 1500 km.
Calculate the storm's resultant displacement.
adjacent side opposite side
cosine sine
1500 km hypotenuse hypotenuse
V.C.
adj hyp cos opp hyp sin
40
5000 km, E H.C.
adj H .C. 1500 cos 40 1149 .1 km, E
opp V .C. 1500 sin 40 964.2 km, N
2 2
5000 km + 1149.1 km = 6149.1 km R = 6149.1 + 964.2 = 6224.2 km
964.2
Tan = = 0.157
6149.1
R
964.2 km = Tan 1 (0.157) = 8.92 o
6149.1 km The Final Answer: 6224.2 km @
8.92 degrees, North of East