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    Water Borne Diseases

    Uploaded by

    Heinrichjohannes
    This document discusses various water-related diseases and their causes. It identifies five main categories of water-related diseases: water-borne, water-based, water-washed, water-related, and other water-borne diseases from activities like bathing or swimming. Water-borne diseases are caused by ingesting contaminated water and include cholera, typhoid, and diarrhea diseases. Water-washed diseases result from poor hygiene contacting contaminated water. Water-based diseases involve parasites transmitted through water. Water-related diseases are spread by insect vectors that breed near water. Prevention involves improved access to clean water, hygiene and sanitation education, and disease surveillance.

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    Water Borne Diseases

    Uploaded by

    Heinrichjohannes
    184 views33 pages
    This document discusses various water-related diseases and their causes. It identifies five main categories of water-related diseases: water-borne, water-based, water-washed, water-related, and other water-borne diseases from activities like bathing or swimming. Water-borne diseases are caused by ingesting contaminated water and include cholera, typhoid, and diarrhea diseases. Water-washed diseases result from poor hygiene contacting contaminated water. Water-based diseases involve parasites transmitted through water. Water-related diseases are spread by insect vectors that breed near water. Prevention involves improved access to clean water, hygiene and sanitation education, and disease surveillance.

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    Water Borne Diseases

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    This document discusses various water-related diseases and their causes. It identifies five main categories of water-related diseases: water-borne, water-based, water-washed, water-related, and other water-borne diseases from activities like bathing or swimming. Water-borne diseases are caused by ingesting contaminated water and include cholera, typhoid, and diarrhea diseases. Water-washed diseases result from poor hygiene contacting contaminated water. Water-based diseases involve parasites transmitted through water. Water-related diseases are spread by insect vectors that breed near water. Prevention involves improved access to clean water, hygiene and sanitation education, and disease surveillance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    184 views33 pages

    Water Borne Diseases

    Uploaded by

    Heinrichjohannes
    This document discusses various water-related diseases and their causes. It identifies five main categories of water-related diseases: water-borne, water-based, water-washed, water-related, and other water-borne diseases from activities like bathing or swimming. Water-borne diseases are caused by ingesting contaminated water and include cholera, typhoid, and diarrhea diseases. Water-washed diseases result from poor hygiene contacting contaminated water. Water-based diseases involve parasites transmitted through water. Water-related diseases are spread by insect vectors that breed near water. Prevention involves improved access to clean water, hygiene and sanitation education, and disease surveillance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 33

    Diseases Related to

    Water

    Water-borne
    Diseases

    Water-based
    Diseases

    Water-washed
    Diseases

    Water-related
    Diseases

    Water-borne Diseases
    Diseases caused by ingestion of
    water contaminated by human or
    animal excrement, which contain
    pathogenic microorganisms

    Include cholera, typhoid, amoebic and


    bacillary dysentery and other
    diarrheal diseases

    Diarrheal Diseases

    Giardiasis (Protozoan)
    Cryptosporidiosis (Bacteria)
    Campylobacteriosis (Bacteria)
    Shigellosis (Bacteria)
    Viral Gastroenteritis (Virus)
    Cyclosporiasis (Parasite)

    In addition, water-borne disease


    can be caused by the pollution of
    water with chemicals that have
    an adverse effect on health

    Arsenic
    Flouride
    Nitrates from fertilizers
    Carcinogenic pesticides (DDT)
    Lead (from pipes)
    Heavy Metals

    Water-washed Diseases

    Diseases caused by poor personal


    hygiene and skin and eye contact with
    contaminated water

    These include scabies, trachoma,


    typhus, and other flea, lice and tickborne diseases.

    Water-based Diseases

    Diseases caused by parasites found in


    intermediate organisms living in
    contaminated water

    Includes Schistosomiasis and


    Dracunculiasis

    Water-related Diseases

    Water-related diseases are caused by


    insect vectors, especially mosquitoes,
    that breed or feed near contaminated
    water.

    They are not typically associated with


    lack of access to clean drinking water
    or sanitation services

    Include dengue, filariasis, malaria,


    onchocerciasis, trypanosomiasis and
    yellow fever

    Other Water-borne
    diseases
    Bathing
    Swimming
    Other recreational activities that
    have water contact
    Agriculture
    Aquaculture

    The Problem
    ~80% of infectious diseases
    > 5 million people die each year
    > 2 million die from water-related
    diarrhea alone
    Most of those dying are small
    children

    Other Consequences
    Lost work days
    Missed educational opportunities
    Official and unofficial healthcare
    costs
    Draining of family resources

    Water Quality & Child


    Survival

    Control & Prevention

    Global

    Governments
    Communities
    Individuals

    Education Issues
    Hygiene education
    Good nutrition
    Improvements in habitation and
    general sanitation
    Higher education training in waterrelated issues

    Global Surveillance
    Public health infrastucture
    Standardized surveillance of waterborne disease outbreaks
    Guidelines must be established for
    investigating and reporting waterborne diseases

    Communication and the


    Media
    Impacts at all levels
    Very powerful, when others fail

    General Guidelines
    Avoid contacting soil that may be
    contaminated with human feces.
    Do not defecate outdoors.
    Dispose of diapers properly.

    Wash hands with soap and water


    before handling food.
    When traveling to countries where
    sanitation and hygiene are poor, avoid
    water or food that may be
    contaminated.
    Wash, peel or cook all raw vegetables
    and fruits before eating.

    A Simple Rule of Thumb


    "Boil it, cook it, peel it, or
    forget it"

    The Future
    Even if by the year 2015 the proportion
    of people who are unable to reach or
    to afford safe drinking water is
    halved, between 34 and 76 million
    people, mostly children, will die from
    preventable water-borne diseases

    More Challenges
    Developed countries and chlorineresistant microbes
    Climate Changes
    Economic barriers for developing
    countries to sanitize large amounts of
    water

    The Answer
    Unmet human needs for water
    Education
    Commitment to the elimination of
    specific diseases
    Research

    Climate Change
    Water scarcity compromises hygiene
    Reduced water pressure increases
    risk of back siphoning of
    contaminated water
    Floods causing breaching of barriers
    between sewage and water systems

    Warming/cooling changes distribution


    of pathogens and vectors
    Increased UV exposure resulting in
    increased susceptability to disease
    Increased mutation rates with
    unpredictable effects on ecosystems
    (pathogen development)

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