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    Er. Piush Jindal
    This document discusses programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It describes the basic components and architecture of PLCs, including the central processing unit, input/output modules, power supply, and bus system. It also covers PLC programming standards, types of PLCs, applications, advantages/disadvantages, and factors to consider when selecting between PLCs and distributed control systems.

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    PLC Presentation New

    Uploaded by

    Er. Piush Jindal
    542 views27 pages
    This document discusses programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It describes the basic components and architecture of PLCs, including the central processing unit, input/output modules, power supply, and bus system. It also covers PLC programming standards, types of PLCs, applications, advantages/disadvantages, and factors to consider when selecting between PLCs and distributed control systems.

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    This document discusses programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It describes the basic components and architecture of PLCs, including the central processing unit, input/output modules, power supply, and bus system. It also covers PLC programming standards, types of PLCs, applications, advantages/disadvantages, and factors to consider when selecting between PLCs and distributed control systems.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    542 views27 pages

    PLC Presentation New

    Uploaded by

    Er. Piush Jindal
    This document discusses programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It describes the basic components and architecture of PLCs, including the central processing unit, input/output modules, power supply, and bus system. It also covers PLC programming standards, types of PLCs, applications, advantages/disadvantages, and factors to consider when selecting between PLCs and distributed control systems.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    PROGRAMMABLE

    LOGIC
    CONTROLLER
    Control Systems Types

     Programmable Logic Controllers


     Distributed Control System
     PC- Based Controls
    Programmable Logic Controllers

    PLC
     Sequential logic solver
     PID Calculations.
     Advanced Subroutines
     BIT Operations.
     Data Transfer.
     Text Handling.
    Programmable Logic Controllers

    Applications :
     Machine controls, Packaging, Palletizing, Material handling, similar
    Sequential task as well as Process control
    Advantages of PLC :
     They are fast and designed for the rugged industrial environment.
     They are attractive on Cost-Per-Point Basis.
     These Devices are less Proprietary ( E.g.. Using Open Bus Interface.)
     These Systems are upgraded to add more Intelligence and Capabilities
    with dedicated PID and Ethernet Modules.
    Disadvantages of PLC :
     PLC were Designed for Relay Logic Ladder and have Difficulty with
    some Smart Devices.
     To maximize PLC performance and Flexibility, a number of Optional
    Modules must be added
    Programmable Logic Controllers

    PLC Types
     Nano (Small)
     Micro (Medium)
     Large

    Basic criteria for PLC Types


     Memory Capacity
     I/O Range
     Packaging and Cost per Point
    Programmable Logic Controllers

    Components
     Central Processing Unit (CPU)
     Input Output Modules
     Power Supply
     Bus system
    Programmable Logic Controllers

    Central Processing Unit


     It is a micro-controller based circuitary. The CPU consists of following blocks :

    Arithmatic Logic Unit (ALU), Program memory


    Process image memory (Internal memory of CPU)
    Internal timers and counters
    Flags
     CPU performs the task necessary to fulfill the PLC funtions. These tasks include
    Scanning, I/O bus traffic control, Program execution, Peripheral and External
    device communication, special functions or data handling execution and self
    diagnistics.
    Programmable Logic Controllers

    Input module
     These modules act as interface between real-time status of process variable
    and the CPU.
     Analog input module : Typical input to these modules is

    4-20 mA, 0-10 V


    Ex : Pressure, Flow, Level Tx, RTD (Ohm), Thermocouple (mV)
     Digital input module : Typical input to these modules is 24 V DC, 115 V AC,
    230 V AC
    Ex. : Switches, Pushbuttons, Relays, pump valve on off status
    Programmable Logic Controllers

    Output module
     These modules act as link between the CPU and the output devices in the field.
     Analog output module : Typical output from these modules is 4-20 mA, 0-10
    V
    Ex : Control Valve, Speed, Vibration
     Digital output module : Typical output from these modules is 24 V DC, 115 V
    AC, 230 V AC
    Ex. : Solenoid Valves, lamps, Actuators, dampers, Pump valve on off control
    Programmable Logic Controllers

    Power Supply
     The power supply gives the voltage required for electronics
    module (I/O Logic signals, CPU, memory unit and peripheral
    devices) of the PLC from the line supply.
     The power supply provides isolation necessary to protect the
    solid state devices from most high voltage line spikes.
     As I/O is expanded, some PLC may require additional power
    supplies in order to maintain proper power levels.
    Programmable Logic Controllers

    Bus System
     It is path for the transmission of the signal . Bu system is
    responsible for the signal exchange between processor
    and I/O modules
     The bus system comprise of several single line ie wires /
    tracks
    PLC Cycle

     Sense the Input


     Process the Logic
     Give Output

    Programmable
    controller

    Inputs Outputs

    Machine
    or
    Process
    PLC Signal Flow
    Input Module Processor Memory Output Modules

    Input Data Output


    Image Table Image Table
    I:0/6 O:0/7
    I:0/6
    O:0/7
    I:1/4 O:1/5

    Input Devices Output Devices


    Ladder Program

    I:0/6 O:0/7

    I:1/4 O:1/5
    I:1/4 O:1/5

    Programming Terminal
    PLC Architecture Evolution
     Mid - 1970s : Discrete Machine Control

    Programming
    Terminal

    Connection is Point to Point

    PLC
    Programming Language :
    Connection is Point to Point
    - Relay ladder logic
    - Flexibility in altering
    Control system operation
    I/O
    PLC Architecture Evolution
     Early - to - Mid 1980 : Discrete and Process Control

    MS - DOS
    Reasonable Computer
    Running PLC
    Programming Software

    PLC
    Programming Language :

    - Ladder Program
    - PID
    - Data Storage
    I/O
    PLC Architecture Evolution

     Late 1980’s to early 1990’s : Discrete and Process


    Control Windows

    PC running
    PLC Programming Software
    Connection in networked allowing
    Multiple PLC

    PLC PLC

    PLC became a part of the


    developing enterprise resource
    I/O system
    PLC Architecture Evolution

    Today : Distributed I/O Modules


    PL
    C

    Distributed I/O scanner

    Data Communication Bus

    Distributed I/O modules


    PLC Architecture Evolution

    Today : Hot Redundant System

    TAPS
    SPLITTERS
    Remote
    I/O Network

    FIBER OPTIC LINK

    Remote I/O
    PLC Architecture Evolution
    Today : Ethernet Technology in PLCs

    Workstation Workstation Workstation Workstation

    Switched Hub

    Controller

    Controller
    Controller Controller
    PLC Architecture Evolution

    Today : Wireless communication


    PLC

    Wireless Modem

    Remote
    Platform

    Wireless Modem

    PLC

    HMI PC
    Display
    PLC Systems of various vendors

    Siemens
     S5 -110U, 115U, 135U
     S7 - 200, 300, 400
    Allen Bradley
     Micrologix 1000, 1200, 1500
     SLC 5/01, 5/02, 5/03
     PLC 5/10, 5/25 and 5/40
    Modicon
     Nano
     Micro
     Premium
     Quantum
    Configuration of PLC : Modicon

    Built in display for I/O Programming Terminal PC Connection


    (in-rack, AS-i) and Diag

    8 Analog Inputs 1
    Analog Output

    I/O Modules
    Up/Down Fast
    Counter

    Up Counter TSX37-22

    Unitelway Port for connection PCMCIA communications port


    of up to 5 Slaves
    PCMCIA memory expansion port
    Configuration of PLC : Siemens

    CPU

    I/O Modules
    External Power
    Supply
    Configuration of PLC : Allen Bradley

    CPU

    I/O Modules
    Power Supply
    Configuration of PLC : GE FANUC

    I/O Modules Back plane

    CPU
    PLC Programming Standards

    The open, manufacturer-independent programming standard


    for automation is IEC 61131-3. You can thus choose what configuration
    interface you wish to use when writing your application :

     Ladder Diagram
     Instruction List
     Function Block Diagram
     Sequential Function Chart
     Structured Text
    PLC DCS Selection Criteria

     Cost of hardware, software, Integration Engineering,


    Design, Installation, Start-up and Commissioning,
    Validation documentation and Execution, Training, Spare
    parts, Maintenance, System service contract and system life
    cycle.
     Reliability, Flexibility, Scalability and Validatability.
     Ease of Database configuration, Graphics development,
    Interlocks and Batch processing.
     Integration of High-level Application.
     Control Philosophy for Centralized versus Remote
    Operator Console or both.
     Compliance with an Industry batch standard such as ISA
    SP88 and new Communication Protocol.

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