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    Joint Fit Up and Alignment - Student

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    Sankar Krishnan
    The document discusses tools and techniques for preparing welded joints and controlling distortion. It describes various measurement tools like straightedges, squares, levels, and hi-lo gauges used for checking joint fit-up. Specialty tools are also discussed for tasks like aligning plate and pipe. The document notes that distortion from welding is influenced by heat input and material properties, and can be managed through techniques such as tack welding, controlled welding sequences, and proper joint design and fit-up.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Joint Fit Up and Alignment - Student

    Uploaded by

    Sankar Krishnan
    338 views22 pages
    The document discusses tools and techniques for preparing welded joints and controlling distortion. It describes various measurement tools like straightedges, squares, levels, and hi-lo gauges used for checking joint fit-up. Specialty tools are also discussed for tasks like aligning plate and pipe. The document notes that distortion from welding is influenced by heat input and material properties, and can be managed through techniques such as tack welding, controlled welding sequences, and proper joint design and fit-up.

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    Joint Fit Up and Alignment- Student Copy

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    The document discusses tools and techniques for preparing welded joints and controlling distortion. It describes various measurement tools like straightedges, squares, levels, and hi-lo gauges used for checking joint fit-up. Specialty tools are also discussed for tasks like aligning plate and pipe. The document notes that distortion from welding is influenced by heat input and material properties, and can be managed through techniques such as tack welding, controlled welding sequences, and proper joint design and fit-up.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    338 views22 pages

    Joint Fit Up and Alignment - Student

    Uploaded by

    Sankar Krishnan
    The document discusses tools and techniques for preparing welded joints and controlling distortion. It describes various measurement tools like straightedges, squares, levels, and hi-lo gauges used for checking joint fit-up. Specialty tools are also discussed for tasks like aligning plate and pipe. The document notes that distortion from welding is influenced by heat input and material properties, and can be managed through techniques such as tack welding, controlled welding sequences, and proper joint design and fit-up.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    INTRO

    JOINT DESIGN AND SETUP AFFECT THE SAFETY AND QUALITY OF A COMPLETED WELDMENT.
    ALL OF THESE ARE COVERED BY CODES AND SPECIFICATIONS THAT MUST BE FOLLOWED.
    SPECIAL TOOLS FOR FIT UP AND ALIGNMENT WILL BE DISCUSSED IN THIS UNIT.
    CODE CHANGES
    CODES ARE REVIEWED AND UPDATED AS NEEDED. WHEN A CODE IS UPDATED, THE CODE CAN BE REISSUED
    WITH AN UPDATED YEAR SUFFIX OR AS AN ALTERNATIVE, ADDENDUM SHEETS MAY BE ISSUED.
    CHANGES ARE TYPICALLY HIGHLIGHTED TO SHOW CHANGES.
    THE ASME UPDATES THE ENTIRE CODE EVERY _______ YEARS. AN ADDENDUM IS ISSUED ________.
    THE YEARLY ADDENDUM IS IDENTIFIED BY PLACING THE LETTER ___ IN FRONT OF THE YEAR ON THE
    COVER OF THE CODE.
    WPS

    A _____ IS A WRITTEN SET OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR PRODUCING SOUND WELDS.


    ALL WELDING REQUIRES THAT ACCEPTABLE INDUSTRY STANDARDS BE FOLLOWED, BUT NOT ALL WELDS
    REQUIRE A WPS.
    THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE USE OF A WPS IS OFTEN LISTED ON THE _____________ AS A NOTE OR IN
    THE TAIL OF THE WELDING SYMBOL.
    WPS
    EACH WPS IS WRITTEN BY AN INDIVIDUAL WHO KNOWS WELDING CODES, SPECS, AND INDUSTRY
    PRACTICES.
    IT THEN BECOMES THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CONTRACTOR TO TEST AND QUALIFY THE WPS BEFORE
    USING IT.
    THE RESULTS OF TESTING ARE RECORDED ON A _______. THE WPS AND PQR MUST BE KEPT
    __________.
    FIT UP GAUGES AND MEASURING DEVICES

    BEFORE MAKING A WELD, THE JOINT MUST BE FIT UP AND CHECKED TO ENSURE IT CONFORMS TO THE
    WPS OR SITE QUALITY STANDARDS.
    THE MOST COMMON TOOLS USED TO LAY OUT AND CHECK JOINT FIT UPS ARE STRAIGHTEDGES, SQUARES,
    LEVELS, AND HI-LO GAUGES.
    STRAIGHTEDGES

    STRAIGHTEDGES ARE USED TO SCRIBE STRAIGHT LINES AND CHECK JOINT ALIGNMENT.
    ALWAYS CHECK A STRAIGHTEDGE FOR ________________, HEAT CAN CAUSE DISTORTION AND IF
    THIS HAPPENS THE STRAIGHTEDGE IS NO LONGER GOOD.
    SQUARES
    TWO TYPES ARE TYPICALLY USED..
    PIPEFITTERS SQUARES- USED TO MEASURE ANGLES AND CHECK SQUARENESS.
    COMBINATION SQUARES- TYPICALLY SMALLER, HAVE ATTACHMENTS THAT SLIDE AND LOCK ALONG A
    GROOVE ON THE BLADE.
    THE ________________ IS USED TO MEASURE ROUND STOCK AND TO LOCATE THE CENTER OF
    SHAFTS OR OTHER ROUND OBJECTS.
    LEVELS

    LEVELS ARE USED TO CHECK THAT LAYOUTS ARE LEVEL (HORIZONTAL) AND PLUMB (VERTICAL).
    LEVELS USE A __________ IN A GLASS VIAL TO CHECK LEVEL AND PLUMB.
    THE BUBBLE MUST BE CENTERED IN THE VIAL TO ENSURE THE LEVEL IS CORRECT.
    TORPEDO LEVELS HAVE THREE VIALS: ONE TO CHECK LEVEL, ONE TO CHECK PLUMB, AND ONE TO CHECK 45
    DEGREE ALIGHNMENT.
    HI LO GAUGES

    THE MAIN PURPOSE OF A HI LO GAUGE IS TO CHECK FOR ______________________, ALTHOUGH


    PLATE JOINT MISALIGNMENT CAN ALSO BE CHECKED.
    THE NAME COMES FROM THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ALIGNMENT OF ONE PIPE TO THE OTHER PIPE,
    WHICH IS CALLED HIGH-LOW.
    FIT UP TOOLS

    MANY TOOLS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED TO AID PLATE AND PIPE FIT UP. SOME ARE SPECIALTY TOOLS AND
    OTHERS ARE COMMON HAND TOOLS.
    THE FOLLOWING ARE COMMON FIT UP TOOLS.
    HYDRAULIC JACKS

    WHEN USING A HYDRAULIC JACK, NEVER WELD DIRECTLY ON THE JACK BASE OR RAM.
    ALWAYS PROTECT THE RAM FROM WELD SPLATTER.
    IF THE RAM IS OFF THE GROUND, SECURE IT WITH ROPE OR CHAIN.
    CHAIN HOISTS (CHAIN FALLS)

    CHAIN HOISTS, ALSO CALLED FALLS, ARE USED TO LIFT OR LOWER WELDMENT PARTS.
    ALWAYS SECURE THE CHAIN HOISTS OVER THE WELDMENT WITH AN _______________ WRAPPED
    AROUND A SECURE STRUCTURE.
    NEVER HANG CHAIN HOISTS FROM PIPING, DUCTS, CONDUIT, OR RACEWAYS.
    COME-ALONGS

    COME-ALONGS CAN BE USED FOR VERTICAL LIFTING AND PULLING AT ANGLES.


    PLATE ALIGNMENT TOOLS

    SPECIAL TOOLS ARE MANUFACTURED FOR ALIGNING PLATE.


    TYPICAL CONFIGURATION OF AN ALIGNMENT TOOL CONSISTS OF A YOKE, ADJUSTMENT ROD, GAP PLATE, AND
    ROOT BAR.

    THE ____________ CAN BE CHANGED TO MATCH THE SPECIFIED ROOT OPENING.


    PIPE FIT UP TOOLS

    PIPE JACKS AND ROLLERS ARE USED TO SUPPORT PIPE FOR FIT UP AND WELDING.
    JACK STANDS AND ROLLERS ARE NECESSARY TOOLS IN THE PIPELINE WELDING INDUSTRY.
    CHAIN CLAMPS

    _________________ ARE USED TO ALIGN AND HOLD PIPE FOR FIT UP AND TACKING.
    THE CHAIN IS PASSED AROUND THE PIPE AND SECURED, THE SLACK IN THE CHAIN IS THEN REMOVED
    USING A JACK SCREW TO PULL THE PIPE TIGHTLY AGAINST THE CLAMP.
    THESE CLAMPS ARE IDEAL FOR JOBS IN WHICH 100 PERCENT ________ AND _________ IS REQUIRED
    BEFORE THE CLAMP CAN BE RELEASED.
    WELD DISTORTION

    DISTORTION IS THE EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION OF METAL AS IT RESPONDS TO CHANGES IN


    TEMPERATURE.
    DISTORTION CANT BE PREVENTED AS LONG AS THE METAL EXPERIENCES CHANGES IN TEMPS CREATED IN
    THE WELDING PROCESS.
    DISTORTION
    THE DEGREE OF DISTORTION IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE ____________ GENERATED DURING
    WELDING.
    TWO OF THE BIGGEST FACTORS IN DISTORTION ARE COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION AND THE
    SPECIFIC HEAT PER UNIT VOLUME.
    METALS WITH HIGHER VALUES FOR THESE TWO FACTORS WILL EXPERIENCE A HIGHER DEGREE OF
    DISTORTION THAN THOSE WITH LOWER VALUES.
    CONTROLLING DISTORTION

    DISTORTION CAN BE CONTROLLED USING VARIOUS TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES.


    IT CAN ALSO BE CONTROLLED BY USING CLAMPS AND BRACES, TACK WELDS, AND CONTROLLING THE
    AMOUNT OF WELD MATERIAL.
    EXCESS FACE REINFORCEMENT ACTUALLY REDUCES THE STRENGTH OF A WELD AND IS THEREFORE
    _______________ BY WELDING CODES.
    JOINT FIT UP

    PROPER FIT UP AND EDGE PREPARATION ALSO REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF WELD REQUIRED.
    OPEN ROOT JOINTS SHOULD HAVE A ROOT OPENING FROM _____ TO ______ WIDE.
    WELDING SEQUENCE
    A WELDING SEQUENCE INVOLVES PLACING WELDS AT DIFFERENT POINTS ON A WELDMENT SO THAT
    SHRINKAGE IN ONE AREA IS COUNTERACTED BY SHRINKAGE IN ANOTHER AREA.
    WELDING SEQUENCES ARE OFTEN PERFORMED BY TWO INDIVIDUALS WELDING ON ___________ SIDES
    OF A JOINT AT THE SAME TIME.
    THIS IS KNOWN AS ___________ WELDING, WHICH IS ONE OF THE BEST WAYS AT CONTROLLING
    DISTORTION.

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