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    Do We Need Social Interaction?

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    Ashna Mei
    1) Harry Harlow's experiments on isolating monkeys found that those deprived of social contact exhibited repetitive behaviors, blank staring, self-mutilation and failed to recover even after reintroduction to other monkeys. 2) Social learning is the process of altering behavior by observing and imitating others. It is an important way that learning occurs beyond just direct reinforcement. 3) Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiment found that children who observed an adult acting aggressively towards a Bobo doll were then more likely to exhibit aggressive behaviors themselves when placed in a room with Bobo dolls.

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    Do We Need Social Interaction?

    Uploaded by

    Ashna Mei
    29 views24 pages
    1) Harry Harlow's experiments on isolating monkeys found that those deprived of social contact exhibited repetitive behaviors, blank staring, self-mutilation and failed to recover even after reintroduction to other monkeys. 2) Social learning is the process of altering behavior by observing and imitating others. It is an important way that learning occurs beyond just direct reinforcement. 3) Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiment found that children who observed an adult acting aggressively towards a Bobo doll were then more likely to exhibit aggressive behaviors themselves when placed in a room with Bobo dolls.

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    Social learning presentation

    Original Title

    Social Learning

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    1) Harry Harlow's experiments on isolating monkeys found that those deprived of social contact exhibited repetitive behaviors, blank staring, self-mutilation and failed to recover even after reintroduction to other monkeys. 2) Social learning is the process of altering behavior by observing and imitating others. It is an important way that learning occurs beyond just direct reinforcement. 3) Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiment found that children who observed an adult acting aggressively towards a Bobo doll were then more likely to exhibit aggressive behaviors themselves when placed in a room with Bobo dolls.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    29 views24 pages

    Do We Need Social Interaction?

    Uploaded by

    Ashna Mei
    1) Harry Harlow's experiments on isolating monkeys found that those deprived of social contact exhibited repetitive behaviors, blank staring, self-mutilation and failed to recover even after reintroduction to other monkeys. 2) Social learning is the process of altering behavior by observing and imitating others. It is an important way that learning occurs beyond just direct reinforcement. 3) Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiment found that children who observed an adult acting aggressively towards a Bobo doll were then more likely to exhibit aggressive behaviors themselves when placed in a room with Bobo dolls.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    Do we need social interaction?

    Harry Harlows Surrogate Mothers and other


    experiments

    Group 1: Terrycloth
    mother did not provide
    food.

    Group 2: Wire mother


    provided food.
    Isolation Chambers

    Pit of Despair
    Isolation of Monkeys
    Partially and Fully isolated monkeys
    Partially isolated (occasional social contact)
    Repetitive circling of cages, blank staring, and
    occasional self mutilation
    Total social deprivation (6, 12, 24 months)
    6 months = emotional shock when reintroduced:
    rocking and clenching, rare anorexia
    12, 24 months = obliterated the monkeys socially
    All isolated monkeys exhibited little to no
    recovery
    Social Learning

    Process of altering behavior observing and


    imitating the behavior of others.
    Observational Learning and Cognitive Learning

    Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to


    mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on
    the effects of their own actions to inform them
    what to do.
    Albert Bandura (1977)
    Observational Learning
    Observational Learning
    Learning by observing others.

    Modeling
    The process of observing and imitating a specific
    behavior.

    Vicarious Reinforcement
    You first engage in a behavior because you saw
    someone else get rewarded
    Directly tied to Operant Conditioning
    Mirror Neurons
    Fire both when performing actions and
    when observing another doing so.
    NOVA Mirror Neurons
    Modeling
    Follow the Leader: The behavior of others
    increases the chances that we will do the same
    thing
    Clapping, looking out the window, copying the
    styles and verbal expressions of our peers
    Observational Learning
    Watch someone else perform a behavior,
    then be able to perform the behavior
    yourself
    Learning a game, dance move, sport
    Role Models
    Role Models
    Do we chose to be a role model?
    How important are older siblings?
    parents? peers?

    "I don't believe professional athletes should be role


    models. I believe parents should be role models.... It's not
    like it was when I was growing up. My mom and my
    grandmother told me how it was going to be. If I didn't
    like it, they said, "Don't let the door hit you in the ass on
    your way out." Parents have to take better control."
    Sir Charles Barkley
    Albert Banduras Bobo Doll
    Experiment
    Children were exposed to adults displaying
    aggression toward a bobo doll, and were
    then observed in a room filled with toys

    What happened?
    Bobo Clip
    The beating of Bobo
    TV and Violence
    Before you turn 18, you will see approx. 18,000
    simulated murders on TV & movies
    Since the 1960s, more than 3,000 studies have
    linked television violence to real violence
    Results: viewers become
    desensitized to violence,
    become more fearful
    behave more violently
    Banduras Social-Cognitive Theory
    Social-Cognitive Theory applies
    fundamentals of social learning to
    personality and behavior choices.
    Social-Cognitive Theory Clip
    Extinction of Phobias /
    Disinhibition
    Learning that seemingly threatening
    experiences can be safe
    Phobia treatment (counter-conditioning)
    Safety of new environment
    Application of Social Learning
    Bad news antisocial models may have
    antisocial effects on children
    Good news prosocial (positive, helpful)
    models can have prosocial effects
    Consistency of words and actions.
    Social learning plays a large role
    Parents are extremely powerful models

    Children See, Children Do


    Latent (Incidental) Learning
    Learning that occurs without knowledge
    being immediately expressed
    Accidental learning that occurs in the process
    of another behavior
    Setting the table, putting in a light bulb
    Knowledge is there, but does not come out until
    a reinforcer appears
    Cognitive Maps
    E.C. Tolman studied in 1930s
    Taught rats a maze through repetition, without
    providing reinforcement (food)
    Once a reinforcer was presented for completion of
    the maze, the rats were just as quick to complete
    as rats which received food upon every
    completion
    A mental picture of a place which allows you to
    navigate to an unseen destination
    Formation of Insight
    An insight is a new way to organize stimuli
    or a new approach to solving a problem
    Once insight has occurred, no further
    training is necessary

    Wolfgang Kohler
    Chimps with insight
    Pigeon shows insight
    Learned Helplessness
    Condition in which a person gives up due to
    repeated failure
    Seligmans electric shock dog studies
    Hirotos study of college students (1974)
    People feel they have no control over
    environment; success seems more a matter of luck
    than skill

    Learned Laziness - Condition that occurs if


    rewards come without effort, a person never learns
    to work.
    Martin Seligman on Depression
    Learned helplessness is a leading cause of
    depression
    Stability
    Temporary vs. Stable
    Globality
    Specific vs. Global
    Internality
    External vs. Internal
    Behavior Modification
    Systematic application of learning principles to
    change peoples actions and feelings
    Involves a series of well-defined steps to change
    behavior.
    The success of each step is carefully evaluated to find
    the best solution for a given situation.

    Common in sports training and drug treatment


    involves intense drive to become an ideal product
    Modeling, classical conditioning, operant
    conditioning
    Self Control
    Changing your own behavior

    1. Define the problem specifically


    This can often lead to a change in behavior
    2. Behavioral contract

    Study Habits
    Considerations: negative emotions, environment,
    conditioning
    Bad Habits
    How are bad habits formed?
    Procrastination
    Favoring immediate reinforcement and
    accepting delayed punishment
    Token Economies
    Desirable behavior is reinforced with
    valueless objects, which can be
    accumulated and exchanged for valued
    rewards

    Used most commonly in prisons, mental


    hospitals
    Combats attention as reinforcement drawback
    Does this result in long term learning?

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