Grammar Reference Grammar Reference
Grammar Reference Grammar Reference
Grammar Reference Grammar Reference
Grammarreference
reference
Bienvenido(a)
Bienvenido(a) a tu de
a tu curso curso de Ingls
Ingls Inicial Medio.
Inicial Medio.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
I yo
You T, usted
He l
She Ella
IT Este, esta, esto (pronombre que se usa para animales y
We Nosotros
You Ustedes
They Ellos, ellas, estos, estas (pronombre que se usa par
personas, animales y cosas).
Indefinite articles
a
un, uno, unas
an
Consonante
some teachers, some dentists, some chairs, some trees, some parrtos
an architect (usamos an si lasiguiente palabra empieza con vocal.
vocal
Im late
to be Im atschool
Is she a teacher
Affirmative form Negative form Interrogative form
I am Im I am not Im not Am I..?
You are Youre You are not You arent Are you ..?
Youre not
They are They are not They arent Are they ..?
Theyre not
Yes /no questions short answers full answers
Do I work?
Does he work? Do you work?
Does she work? Do we work?
Does it work? Do they work?
We use the Present simple for:
permanent situations
Mario speaks Spanish
Routines or habitual actions
usually wear a suit to work
General truths
The earth goes round the sun
Telling time
z
to after
12
a
f
t 9 3 t
o e
r
6
to after
8:00 its eight oclock
8 :05 its eight oh-five its five after eight
8:15 its eight fifteen its a quarter after eight
8:25 its eight twenty-five its twenty-five-after eight
8:30 its eight thirty its half past eight
8:35 its eight thirty-five its twenty-five to nine
8:45 its eight forty-five its quarter to nine
8:50 its eight fifty its ten to nine
Parts of the day:
In the morning
In the afternoon
In the evening
At night
Days
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Months
January
July
February
August
March
September
April
October
May
November
Jun
December
Time expressions:
0% 50% 100%
Never sometimes often usually always
1. These adverbs usually come before the main verb .
I like cooking.
She loves listening to music
They like playing the guitar very much
There is There are
Afirmative form
There
We use that and those to show people, animals or things that are not
near to us.
Do you like that picture on the wall? (singular)
Who are those children outside? (plural)
Can / cant
ability
Paul can play soccer
You can lose 10 kilograms in one week
possibility
Could is the past of can. Could and couldnt have the same
form in all persons.
Could is followed by the infinitive (without to)
affirmative negative
I I
He swim You dance
She dance He con not swim
It could run She cannot run
We couldnt play soccer It cant play soccer
You Etc. We Sing
They You Etc.
They
Yes/No questions
I Yes, he can
Can you cook?
he dance? No, we cant
she Speak
Could It French? Yes, I could
we Play the
They piano? No they couldnt
Etc.
was / were
Short answers.
Was the food delicious? Yes, it was.
Were your parents at home yesterday? Yes, they were
Simple Past
Did I work?
Did he work? Did you work?
Did she work? Did we work?
Did it work? Did they work?
Spelling rules
The normal rule is to add -ed.
Work worked start started
If the verb ends e, add d
Live lived love loved
If the verb has only one syllable and vowel and one consonant,
double the consonant.
Stop stopped plan planned
Verbs ending in a consonant + -y change to ied.
Study studied carry carried
We use the past simple for:
* Actions that started and were completed at a specific time in the past
We bought our house five years ago
* Habitual or repeated actions in the past.
I always went to bed early when I lived with my parents.
* Completed actions that happened one after the other in the past
I made a sandwich, turned on the TV and watched the soccer game.
Time expressions:
Last night /last week / last Saturday / last month / last year, etc.
Yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon, yesterday, evening.
Five hours ago, two days ago, three days ago, two weeks ago, three
months ago, etc,
In 1999, ten years ago, etc.
Note:
We use could to express ability in the past