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    20461C 03

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    dfrr2000
    This document summarizes Module 3 of a SQL training course which covers writing SELECT queries. The module includes lessons on writing simple SELECT statements, using DISTINCT to eliminate duplicates, using column and table aliases, and writing simple CASE expressions. Key topics covered are the elements of the SELECT statement, retrieving and displaying columns, using calculations, understanding DISTINCT, column and table aliases, and the two forms of CASE expressions.

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    20461C 03

    Uploaded by

    dfrr2000
    76 views18 pages
    This document summarizes Module 3 of a SQL training course which covers writing SELECT queries. The module includes lessons on writing simple SELECT statements, using DISTINCT to eliminate duplicates, using column and table aliases, and writing simple CASE expressions. Key topics covered are the elements of the SELECT statement, retrieving and displaying columns, using calculations, understanding DISTINCT, column and table aliases, and the two forms of CASE expressions.

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    SQL 03

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    20461C_03

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    This document summarizes Module 3 of a SQL training course which covers writing SELECT queries. The module includes lessons on writing simple SELECT statements, using DISTINCT to eliminate duplicates, using column and table aliases, and writing simple CASE expressions. Key topics covered are the elements of the SELECT statement, retrieving and displaying columns, using calculations, understanding DISTINCT, column and table aliases, and the two forms of CASE expressions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    76 views18 pages

    20461C 03

    Uploaded by

    dfrr2000
    This document summarizes Module 3 of a SQL training course which covers writing SELECT queries. The module includes lessons on writing simple SELECT statements, using DISTINCT to eliminate duplicates, using column and table aliases, and writing simple CASE expressions. Key topics covered are the elements of the SELECT statement, retrieving and displaying columns, using calculations, understanding DISTINCT, column and table aliases, and the two forms of CASE expressions.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Module 3

    Writing SELECT Queries


    Module Overview

    Writing Simple SELECT Statements


    Eliminating Duplicates with DISTINCT
    Using Column and Table Aliases
    Writing Simple CASE Expressions
    Lesson 1: Writing Simple SELECT Statements

    Elements of the SELECT Statement


    Retrieving Columns from a Table or View
    Displaying Columns
    Using Calculations in the SELECT Clause
    Demonstration: Writing Simple SELECT Statements
    Elements of the SELECT Statement

    Clause Expression

    SELECT <select list>

    FROM <table source>

    WHERE <search condition>

    GROUP BY <group by list>

    ORDER BY <order by list>


    Retrieving Columns from a Table or View

    Use SELECT with column list to display columns


    Use FROM to specify a source table or view
    Specify both schema and table names
    Delimit names if necessary
    End all statements with a semicolon

    Keyword Expression
    SELECT <select list>

    FROM <table source>

    SELECT companyname, country


    FROM Sales.Customers;
    Displaying Columns

    Displaying all columns


    This is not a best practice in production code!

    SELECT *
    FROM Sales.Customers;

    Displaying only specified columns

    SELECT companyname, country


    FROM Sales.Customers;
    Using Calculations in the SELECT Clause

    Calculations are scalar, returning one value


    per row
    Operator Description
    + Add or concatenate
    - Subtract
    * Multiply
    / Divide
    % Modulo

    Using scalar expressions in the SELECT clause

    SELECT unitprice, qty, (unitprice * qty)


    FROM sales.orderdetails;
    Lesson 2: Eliminating Duplicates with DISTINCT

    SQL Sets and Duplicate Rows


    Understanding DISTINCT
    SELECT DISTINCT Syntax
    Demonstration: Eliminating Duplicates with
    DISTINCT
    SQL Sets and Duplicate Rows

    SQL query results are not truly relational


    Rows are not guaranteed to be unique, no guaranteed order
    Even unique rows in a source table can return
    duplicate values for some columns
    SELECT country
    FROM Sales.Customers;

    country
    --------------
    Argentina
    Argentina
    Austria
    Austria
    Belgium
    Belgium
    Understanding DISTINCT

    Specifies that only unique rows can appear in the


    result set
    Removes duplicates based on column list results,
    not source table
    Provides uniqueness across set of selected
    columns
    Removes rows already operated on by WHERE,
    HAVING, and GROUP BY clauses
    Some queries may improve performance by
    filtering out duplicates prior to execution of
    SELECT clause
    SELECT DISTINCT Syntax

    SELECT DISTINCT <column list>

    FROM <table or view>

    SELECT DISTINCT companyname, country


    FROM Sales.Customers;

    companyname country
    -------------- -------
    Customer AHPOP UK
    Customer AHXHT Mexico
    Customer AZJED Germany
    Customer BSVAR France
    Customer CCFIZ Poland
    Lesson 3: Using Column and Table Aliases

    Using Aliases to Refer to Columns


    Using Aliases to Refer to Tables
    The Impact of Logical Processing Order on Aliases
    Demonstration: Using Column and Table Aliases
    Using Aliases to Refer to Columns

    Column aliases using AS


    SELECT orderid, unitprice, qty AS quantity
    FROM Sales.OrderDetails;

    Column aliases using =


    SELECT orderid, unitprice, quantity = qty
    FROM Sales.OrderDetails;

    Accidental column aliases


    SELECT orderid, unitprice quantity
    FROM Sales.OrderDetails;
    Using Aliases to Refer to Tables

    Create table aliases in the FROM clause


    Table aliases with AS
    SELECT custid, orderdate
    FROM Sales.Orders AS SO;

    Table aliases without AS


    SELECT custid, orderdate
    FROM Sales.Orders SO;

    Using table aliases in the SELECT clause


    SELECT SO.custid, SO.orderdate
    FROM Sales.Orders AS SO;
    The Impact of Logical Processing Order on Aliases

    FROM, WHERE, and HAVING clauses processed


    before SELECT
    Aliases created in SELECT clause only visible to
    ORDER BY
    Expressions aliased in SELECT clause may be
    repeated elsewhere in query
    Lesson 4: Writing Simple CASE Expressions

    Using CASE Expressions in SELECT Clauses


    Forms of CASE Expressions
    Demonstration: Using a Simple CASE Expression
    Using CASE Expressions in SELECT Clauses

    T-SQL CASE expressions return a single (scalar) value


    CASE expressions may be used in:
    SELECT column list
    WHERE or HAVING clauses
    ORDER BY clause
    CASE returns result of expression
    Not a control-of-flow mechanism
    In SELECT clause, CASE behaves as calculated column
    requiring an alias
    Forms of CASE Expressions

    Two forms of T-SQL CASE expressions:


    Simple CASE
    Compares one value to a list of possible values
    Returns first match
    If no match, returns value found in optional ELSE clause
    If no match and no ELSE, returns NULL

    Searched CASE
    Evaluates a set of predicates, or logical expressions
    Returns value found in THEN clause matching first
    expression that evaluates to TRUE

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