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    Using Subqueries

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    dfrr2000
    The document discusses using subqueries in SQL queries. It covers writing self-contained subqueries that return single values (scalar) or multiple values, and correlated subqueries that reference columns in the outer query. It also discusses using the EXISTS predicate with subqueries to check for the existence of rows satisfying a condition rather than returning rows. The document provides examples of different types of subqueries and how to structure queries using them.

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    Using Subqueries

    Uploaded by

    dfrr2000
    79 views12 pages
    The document discusses using subqueries in SQL queries. It covers writing self-contained subqueries that return single values (scalar) or multiple values, and correlated subqueries that reference columns in the outer query. It also discusses using the EXISTS predicate with subqueries to check for the existence of rows satisfying a condition rather than returning rows. The document provides examples of different types of subqueries and how to structure queries using them.

    Original Description:

    SQL 10

    Original Title

    20461C_10

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    The document discusses using subqueries in SQL queries. It covers writing self-contained subqueries that return single values (scalar) or multiple values, and correlated subqueries that reference columns in the outer query. It also discusses using the EXISTS predicate with subqueries to check for the existence of rows satisfying a condition rather than returning rows. The document provides examples of different types of subqueries and how to structure queries using them.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    79 views12 pages

    Using Subqueries

    Uploaded by

    dfrr2000
    The document discusses using subqueries in SQL queries. It covers writing self-contained subqueries that return single values (scalar) or multiple values, and correlated subqueries that reference columns in the outer query. It also discusses using the EXISTS predicate with subqueries to check for the existence of rows satisfying a condition rather than returning rows. The document provides examples of different types of subqueries and how to structure queries using them.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Module 10

    Using Subqueries
    Module Overview

    Writing Self-Contained Subqueries


    Writing Correlated Subqueries
    Using the EXISTS Predicate with Subqueries
    Lesson 1: Writing Self-Contained Subqueries

    Working with Subqueries


    Writing Scalar Subqueries
    Writing Multi-Valued Subqueries
    Demonstration: Writing Self-Contained Subqueries
    Working with Subqueries

    Subqueries are nested queries: queries within


    queries
    Results of inner query passed to outer query
    Inner query acts like an expression from perspective
    of outer query
    Subqueries can be self-contained or correlated
    Self-contained subqueries have no dependency on
    outer query
    Correlated subqueries depend on values from outer
    query
    Subqueries can be scalar, multi-valued, or
    table-valued
    Writing Scalar Subqueries

    Scalar subquery returns single value to outer


    query
    Can be used anywhere single-valued
    expression is used: SELECT, WHERE, and so on
    SELECT orderid, productid, unitprice, qty
    FROM Sales.OrderDetails
    WHERE orderid =
    (SELECT MAX(orderid) AS lastorder
    FROM Sales.Orders);

    If inner query returns an empty set, result is


    converted to NULL
    Construction of outer query determines
    whether inner query must return a single value
    Writing Multi-Valued Subqueries

    Multi-valued subquery returns multiple values


    as a single column set to the outer query
    Used with IN predicate
    If any value in the subquery result matches IN
    predicate expression, the predicate returns TRUE
    SELECT custid, orderid
    FROM Sales.orders
    WHERE custid IN (
    SELECT custid
    FROM Sales.Customers
    WHERE country = N'Mexico');

    May also be expressed as a JOIN (test both for


    performance)
    Lesson 2: Writing Correlated Subqueries

    Working with Correlated Subqueries


    Writing Correlated Subqueries
    Demonstration: Writing Correlated Subqueries
    Working with Correlated Subqueries

    Correlated subqueries refer to elements of tables used


    in outer query
    Dependent on outer query, cannot be executed
    separately
    Harder to test than self-contained subqueries
    Behaves as if inner query is executed once per outer
    row
    May return scalar value or multiple values
    SELECT orderid, empid, orderdate
    FROM Sales.Orders AS O1
    WHERE orderdate =
    (SELECT MAX(orderdate)
    FROM Sales.Orders AS O2
    WHERE O2.empid = O1.empid)
    ORDER BY empid, orderdate;
    Writing Correlated Subqueries

    Write inner query to accept input value from


    outer query
    Write outer query to accept appropriate return
    result (scalar or multi-valued)
    Correlate queries by passing value from outer
    query to match argument in inner query
    SELECT custid, orderid, orderdate
    FROM Sales.Orders AS outerorders
    WHERE orderdate =
    (SELECT MAX(orderdate)
    FROM Sales.Orders AS innerorders
    WHERE innerorders.custid = outerorders.custid)
    ORDER BY custid;
    Lesson 3: Using the EXISTS Predicate with Subqueries

    Working with EXISTS


    Writing Queries Using EXISTS with Subqueries
    Demonstration: Writing Subqueries Using EXISTS
    Working with EXISTS
    When a subquery is used with the keyword
    EXISTS, it functions as an existence test
    True or false only - no rows passed back to outer
    query
    EXISTS evaluates to TRUE or FALSE (not
    UNKNOWN)
    If any rows are returned by the subquery, EXISTS
    returns TRUE
    If no rows are returned, EXISTS returns FALSE

    Syntax:
    WHERE [NOT] EXISTS (subquery)
    Writing Queries Using EXISTS with Subqueries

    The keyword EXISTS does not follow a column


    name or other expression.
    The SELECT list of a subquery introduced by
    EXISTS typically only uses an asterisk (*).
    SELECT custid, companyname
    FROM Sales.Customers AS c
    WHERE EXISTS (
    SELECT *
    FROM Sales.Orders AS o
    WHERE c.custid=o.custid);

    SELECT custid, companyname


    FROM Sales.Customers AS c
    WHERE NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT *
    FROM Sales.Orders AS o
    WHERE c.custid=o.custid);

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