Chapter 10 One Sample Tests of Hypothesis
Chapter 10 One Sample Tests of Hypothesis
Chapter 10 One Sample Tests of Hypothesis
Chapter
Ten
Chapter Ten
One-Sample Tests of Hypothesis
GOALS
When you have completed this chapter, you will be able to:
ONE
Define a hypothesis and hypothesis testing.
TWO
Describe the five step hypothesis testing procedure.
THREE
Distinguish between a one-tailed and a two-tailed test of
hypothesis.
FOUR
Conduct a test of hypothesis about a population mean.
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FIVE
Conduct a test of hypothesis about a population proportion.
SIX
Define Type I and Type II errors.
SEVEN
Compute the probability of a Type II error.
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A statement
What is a
about the
Hypothesis?
value of a
population
parameter
developed for
the purpose of
testing.
Hypothesis testing
Used to determine
Based on whether the hypothesis is
sample a reasonable statement
evidence and and should not be
probability rejected, or is
theory unreasonable and should
be rejected
Hypothesis Testing
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Null Hypothesis H0
A statement about the
value of a population
parameter
Alternative Hypothesis H1:
A statement that is
accepted if the sample data
provide evidence that the
null hypothesis is false
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H0: m > 0
H1: m < 0 3 hypotheses about means
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Type I Error
Rejecting the null
Level of Significance hypothesis when it
is actually true (a).
The probability of
rejecting the null
hypothesis when it is Type II Error
actually true; the level of Accepting the null
risk in so doing. hypothesis when it
is actually false (b).
Researcher
Null Accepts Rejects
Hypothesis Ho Ho
Correct Type I
Ho is true decision error
(a)
Type II Correct
Ho is false Error decision
(b) Risk
table
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A value, determined X m
from sample z
information, used to / n
determine whether The z value is based on the
or not to reject the sampling distribution of X,
null hypothesis. which is normally
distributed when the sample
Examples: z, t, F, c2 is reasonably large (recall
Central Limit Theorem).
Step Three: Select the test statistic.
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Sampling Distribution
Region of
Of the Statistic z, a Do not
rejection
Right-Tailed Test, .05 reject
[Probability=.05]
[Probability =.95]
Level of Significance
0 1.65
Critical value
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Decision Rule
Decision Rule
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Decision Rule
If the p-Value is larger If the p-Value is
than or equal to the smaller than the
significance level, a, H0 significance level, a,
is not rejected. H0 is rejected.
Calculated from the
probability distribution
function or by computer Using the p-Value in Hypothesis
Testing
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Interpreting p-values
>.05 p .10
SOME evidence Ho is not true
Movie
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0 1.65
Critical value
Regions of
Nonrejection Region of Region of
Do not
and Rejection rejection rejection
reject
for a Two- [Probability=.025] [Probability=.025]
[Probability =.95]
Tailed Test,
.05 Level of
Significance
-1.96 0 1.96
Critical value Critical value
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X m
z
/ n
Testing for the Population Mean: Large
Sample, Population Standard Deviation
Known
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Step 4
Step 5 State the decision rule.
Make a decision and Reject H0 if z > 1.96
interpret the results. or z < -1.96
or if p < .05.
Step 3
Identify the test statistic. Because
we know the population standard
deviation, the test statistic is z.
Step 1 Step 2
State the null and the Select the significance level.
alternative hypotheses
The significance level is .05.
H0: m = 16
H1: m 16 EXAMPLE 1
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Step 5: Make a
decision and
interpret the results.
X m
Here is unknown,
so we estimate it
z
with the sample s/ n
standard deviation s.
Step 5 Step 4
Make a decision H0 is rejected if
and interpret the z > 1.65
results. or if p < .05.
Step 3
Because the sample is large
we can use the z
distribution as the test
statistic.
Step 1 Step 2
H0: < $400 The significance
H1: > $400 level is .05.
Example 2
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Step 5
Make a decision X m $407 $400
and interpret the z 2.42
s n $38 172
results.
Reject H0.
Testing for a
Population Mean: The test statistic
Small Sample, is the t
Population distribution.
Standard Deviation
Unknown X m
t
s/ n
Step 4
State the decision rule.
There are 10 1 = 9 Step 3
degrees of freedom. Find a test statistic. Use
the t distribution since
Step 1 is not known and n < 30.
State the null and
alternate hypotheses.
Step 2
H0: < 250 Select the level of
H1: > 250 significance. It is .05.
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Example 3
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Step 3 Step 4
Find a test statistic. State the decision rule.
The z distribution The null hypothesis is
is the test statistic. rejected if z is greater
than 1.65 or if p < .05.
Step 5
Make a decision and interpret the results.
Step 1 Step 2
State the null and the Select the level of
alternate hypothesis. significance. It is .05.
H0: p < .15
Example 4
H1: p > .15
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