Chapter 6
Chapter 6
Chapter 6
CHAPTER-6
Industrial Hygiene
KNC 3253
Occupational Safety and Health
Learning Objectives:
Government regulation
Industrial Hygiene
• The three phases in any industrial hygiene project are
Identification: determination of the presence or possibility of
workplace exposures.
Evaluation: determination of the magnitude of the exposure.
Control: Application of appropriate technology to reduce workplace
exposures to acceptable levels.
Government Regulations
Law and regulations are major tools for protecting people
and the environment.
How creating a law:
A law created with three step process:
Step-1:a member of congress proposes a bill. A bill is a document that,
if approved, becomes a law.
Step-2: If both houses of congress approve the bill, it is sent to the
president, who has the option to either approve it or veto it. If approved
it becomes a law that is called an act.
Step-3: the complete text of law is published in the United States
Code(USC). The code is the official record of all federal laws.
Government Regulations
• The process for creating a regulation has two steps:
Evaluation
Problem.
• Industrial hygiene is the science of protecting and
enhancing the health and safety of people at work and in
their communities. Evaluation is always needed to
determine the extent and degree of employee exposure to
toxicants and physical hazards in their workplace. A direct
method for determining worker exposures is by
continuously monitoring the air concentrations of toxicants
on-line in a work environment. Develop equation(s) for
evaluating exposures to volatile toxicants by using the
continuous monitoring method.
15
1 𝑡𝑤
TWA= 0 𝐶 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 … … … … … … … … … (1)
8
If we assume that the concentration Ci is fixed or averaged over the time period ti
, the TWA concentration is computed by
𝐶1𝑇1+𝐶2𝑇2+⋯…………….+𝐶𝑛𝑇𝑛
TWA= ……………………(2)
8ℎ𝑟
All monitoring systems have drawback because (i) the workers move in and out of
the exposed workplace and (ii) the concentration of toxicants may vary at different
locations in the work area.
If more than one chemical is present in the workplace. The combined exposures
from multiple toxicant with different TLV-TWAs is determined from the equation.
σ𝑛𝑖=1 𝐶𝑖
𝑇𝐿𝑉−𝑇𝑊𝐴 𝑖
…………….(3)
𝑚𝑣
• The term is identical to the concentration of volatile computed using equation 2. Substituting
𝑉𝑏
equation 2 into equation 3 yield
𝑄𝑚𝑅𝑔𝑇
• Cppm= ×106………………………………..(4)
𝑘𝑄𝑣𝑃𝑀
•
KNC 3253 Occupational Safety and Health
Dr. Md. Rezaur Rahman
22