Industrial Dryer Presentation

Industrial Dryers
ME116P
INDUSTRIAL POWER PLANT
ENGINEERING
WEEK 8
2017-2018/3T
Prepared by:
Engr. Manuel B. Rustria
February 2018
 Define dryer.
 Apply basic concepts of mass and energy balance in the problem
analysis
 Solve problems involving dryers.
 Dryer is the removal of relatively small amounts of water or
other liquid from the solid material.
 Industrial dryers are used to efficiently process large quantities
of bulk materials that need reduced moisture levels.
1. Continuous dryer
2. Ratch dryer
1. Rotary Dryer
Rotary dryer is the most commonly used dryer which
consists of a rotating cylinder inside which the materials flow
while getting in contact with the hot gases’ the cylinder is
tilted at a slight angle and fitted with lifting flights. Rotary
dryer is used for copra, sand, wood chips.
2. Tower Dryer
Tower dryer consists of a vertical shaft in which the wet
feed is introduced at the top and falls downward over baffles
while coming in contact with the hot air which rises and
exhausts at the top. Tower dryer is used for palay, wheat,
grains…
2. Tower Dryer
Tower dryer consists of a vertical shaft in which the wet
feed is introduced at the top and falls downward over baffles
while coming in contact with the hot air which rises and
exhausts at the top. Tower dryer is used for palay, wheat,
grains…
3. Hearth Dryer
Hearth dryer is a type of
dryer in which the
material to be dried is
supported on a floor
through which the hot
gases pass. Hearth dryer
is used for copra, coal,
enamel wares…
4. Centrifugal Dryer
Centrifugal dryer consists of a centrifuge revolving at high
speeds causing the separation, by centrifugal force, of water
from the material. Centrifugal dryer is used for drying
fertilizer, salt, sugar…
5. Tray Dryer
Tray dryer consists of trays, carrying the materials to be
dried, placed in a compartment or moving conveyor. Tray
dryer is used for ipil-ipil leaves, grains…
6. Infrared Ray Dryer
Infrared ray dryer consists of infrared lamps in which the
rays are directed to the articles to be dried. Infrared ray dryer
is used for drying painted articles like cars.
 Hygroscopic materials are substances which are particularly
variable in the moisture content which they can posses at
different times.
 Bone dry weight (Bdw) or dry weight is the final constant weight
reached by a hygroscopic substance after being dried out.
 Regain is the hygroscopic moisture content of a substance
expressed as a percentage of the bone-dry weight of the
material.
weight of moisture
Regain =
bone−dry weight
 Moisture content is expressed as a percentage of the gross
weight of the body, and may refer to both hygroscopic and
purely surface moisture.
weight of moisture
Moisture content =
gross weight
Gross weight = bone-dry weight + weight of moisture

humid air
m3 3
steam
fresh air heated air 4
ma DRYING
CHAMBER wet feed
1 2
m4
heater
ms 5
dried product
1. Moisture removed from materials = moisture absorbed by air
= ma (W3 – W2)
= m 4 – m5
2. Bone dry weight of wet feed = bone dry weight of dried product
Bdw4 = Bdw5
3. Heat supplied in heater = ma(h2 – h1)
heat absorbed by materials
4. Efficiency of dryer =
heat supplied
1. The temperature of the air in a dryer is maintained constant by the
use of steam coils within the dryer. The product enters the dryer at
the rate of one metric ton per hour. The initial moisture content is
3 kg moisture per kg of dry solid and will be dried to moisture
content of 0.10 kg moisture per kg of dry solid. Air enters the dryer
with a humidity ratio of 0.016 kg moisture per kg of dry air and
leaves with a relative humidity of 100% while the temperature
remains constant at 60°C. If the total pressure of the air is 101.3
kPa, determine the capacity of the forced draft fan to handle this air
in m3/min. Answer: 85.75 m3/min
2. Wet material containing 215% moisture (dry basis) is to be dried at
the rate of 1.5 kg/s in a continuous dryer to give a product
containing 5% moisture (wet basis). The drying medium consist of
air heated t 373 K and containing water vapor equivalent to a
partial pressure of 1.40 kPa. The air leaves the dryer at 310 K and
70% saturated. Calculate how much air will be required to remove
the moisture. Answer: ma = 49.48 kg/s
3. A dryer is to deliver 1000 kg/hour of palay with a final moisture
content of 10%. The initial moisture content in the feed is 15% at
atmospheric condition with 32°C dry bulb and 21°C wet bulb. The
dryer is maintained at 45°C while the relative humidity of the hot
humid air from the dryer is 80%. If the steam pressure supplied to
the heater is 2 Mpa, determine the air supplied to the dryer in
m3/hr. Answer: Va = 1332.25 m3/hr
4. Copra enters a dryer containing 60% water and 40% of solids leaves
with 5% water and 95% solids. Find the weight of water removed
based on each pound of original product. Answer: weight of water
removed = 0.58 lb

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Gross weight = bone-dry weight + weight of moisture

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