Brain Computer Interfacing: Whole New World of Computing

BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACING
Whole new world

Of computing
CONTENT:
-
❖INTRODUCTION
❖HISTORY OF BCI
❖BRAIN WAVES
❖WHAT IS BCI
❖HOW BCI WORK
❖APPROACHES OF BCI
❖USAGES OF BCI
❖ADVANCES IN BCI
❖PRO’S n CON'S OF BCI
❖CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
❑Brain computer interface (BCI) is a fast-growing emergent

technology, in which researchers aim to build a direct channel
between the mind and computer.
❑A BCI is a collaboration in which a brain accepts and controls a

mechanical device as a natural part of its representation of a
body.
❑Computer-brain interfaces are designed through artificial to

restore sensory function. Transmit sensory information to the
brain, or stimulate the brain through artificially generated
electrical signals.
HISTORY OF BCI
➢The history of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) starts

with Hansberger's discovery of the electrical activity of the
human brain and the development of electroencephalography.
➢In 1924 Berger was the first to record human brain activity by
means of EEG. Berger was able to identify oscillatory activity.
➢Research on BCIs began in the 1970s at the University of

California, The papers published after researches and marked
the first appearance of the expression brain–computer
interface in scientific literature.
TYPES OF BRAIN
WAVES
WHAT IS
BCI
A brain computer
interface (BCI), sometimes
Mechanical
transfer
called as direct neural
interface (DNI), is a direct
communication pathway
between an enhanced or Human Computer
wired brain and an external
device. BCIs are often directed
at researching, mapping,
assisting, augmenting, or Electrical
repairing human cognitive or transfer
sensory-motor functions.
Brain computer
interface
HOW BCI WORK
EEG FILTERING \ FEATURE
ACQUISITION PROCESSING RECOGNITION
CLASSIFICATIO
N DETECTION
APPLICATION
BCI APPROACHES
INVASIV
E
➢ Invasive BCIs are implanted
directly into the grey matter of
brain during neurosurgery.
➢ As they rest in the grey matter,

invasive devices produce the
highest quality signals of BCI
devices but are prone to scar-
tissue build-up, causing the
signal to become weaker or
even lost as the body reacts to
a foreign object in the brain.
SEMI INVASIVE
• Electrocorticography (ECoG)
It is another brain signal reading

process which is applied to the inside
the skull but outside the grey matter.
An electrocorticograph (ECoG)
records the activity of the brain
inside the skull, but from the surface
of the membranes that protect it.
An electrode Grid is being implanted

by surgical incision.
NON INVASIVE
• Electroencephalography In a
conventional scalp EEG, the
recording is obtained by placing
electrodes on the scalp with a
conductive gel or paste, usually
after preparing the scalp area by
light abrasion to reduce
impedance due to dead skin
cells. Many systems typically
use electrodes, each of which is
attached to an individual wire.
• FMRI = Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
fMRI exploits the changes in the magnetic properties of
hemoglobin as it carries oxygen. Activation of a part of the
brain increases oxygen levels there increasing the ratio of
oxyhemoglobin to deoxyhemoglobin.
• Magnetoencephalography (MEG) MEG detects the tiny
magnetic fields created as individual neurons "fire" within the
brain. It can pinpoint the active region with a millimeter, and
can follow the movement of brain activity as it travels from
region to region within the brain.
USES OF BCI
BIONIC
EYE
CYBORG
Bionic Eye
And an artificial eye can see a lot…

MECHANICAL BODY PARTS
The First Human
Cyborg
BCI Gaming
The actual brain-to-brain setup. Sender/EEG on the left, receiver/TMS
on the right
THE FIRST HUMAN BRAIN-TO-BRAIN INTERFACE HAS

BEEN CREATED. IN THE FUTURE, WILL WE ALL BE
LINKED TELEPATHICALLY!!!
ADVANCES IN BCI
PROS OF BCI
Eventually, this technology could:
• Allow paralyzed people to control prosthetic limbs with

their mind.
• Transmit visual images to the mind of a blind person,
allowing them to see.
• Transmit auditory data to the mind of a deaf person,
allowing them to hear.
• Allow a mute person to have their thoughts displayed
and spoken by a computer.
CONS OF BCI
• The current technology is crude.

• Ethical issues may prevent its development.
• Electrodes outside of the skull can detect very few
electric signals from the brain.
• Electrodes placed inside the skull create scar tissue
in the brain.
CONCLUSION
As BCI technology further advances,

brain tissue may one day give way to
implanted silicon chips thereby
creating a completely computerized
simulation of the human brain that
can be augmented at will.
Futurists predict that from there,
superhuman artificial intelligence
won't be far behind.
Thank you
presented by:-
N.KAMALESH

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BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACING

Whole new world

❑Brain computer interface (BCI) is a fast-growing emergent

❑A BCI is a collaboration in which a brain accepts and controls a

❑Computer-brain interfaces are designed through artificial to

➢The history of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) starts

➢Research on BCIs began in the 1970s at the University of

➢ As they rest in the grey matter,

It is another brain signal reading

An electrode Grid is being implanted

And an artificial eye can see a lot…

THE FIRST HUMAN BRAIN-TO-BRAIN INTERFACE HAS

• Allow paralyzed people to control prosthetic limbs with

• The current technology is crude.

As BCI technology further advances,

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