Bab 7 (Pers. Laplace & Poisson)
Bab 7 (Pers. Laplace & Poisson)
Bab 7 (Pers. Laplace & Poisson)
Group 8:
• Ulil Ulya
• Victor
• William A.
• Yediael C.
• Sarrah A.K.
outside
inside
Poisson’s and Laplace Equations
Del_dot_D v
if v 0
Definition D
Del_dot_D v
D E Del_Del Laplacian
E DelV
The divergence of the
gradient of a scalar function
Del_D Del_ E Del_dot_ DelV v is called the Laplacian.
v
Del_DelV Poisson’s Equation
Poisson’s and Laplace Equations
LapR
d d V( x y z) d d V( x y z) d d V( x y z)
d x d x dy dy d z d z
1 d d 1 d d V z d d V z
LapC V z
d d d d
2 d z d z
1 d 2d
LapS r V r
1 d d
sin V r
1
d d
V r
r r2 sin d d r2 sin 2 dd
2 dr dr
Uniqueness Theorem
Given is a volume V with a closed surface S. The function V(x,y,z) is
completely determined on the surface S. There is only one function V(x,y,z)
with given values on S (the boundary values) that satisfies the Laplace
equation.
Steps
Example 7.3
V0 a
V V0 E
Examples of the Solution of Poisson’s Equation
Kerapatan muatan
potensial
Product Solution Of Laplace's Equation
Referring to the figure below and the specific boundary conditions for the potential on the four
sides of the structure ...
... choose the dimensions a and b of the box and thepotential boundary condition V
0:
n 1 3 nmax Only the odd n terms are summed since all even n terms are zero.
The potential V everywhere inside the structure was determined in Example 3.24 to be:
i 0 npts 1 j 0 npts 1
xend yend
xi i yj j
npts 1 npts 1
Now plot the potential as a function of x through the center of the box at y = a/2:
V at y = a/2
2.5
2
For a rectangular box with
1.5
b 0.5 (m)
V (Volts)
a 0.5 (m)
1
and
V0 2 (V)
0.5
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
x (meters)
Product Solution Of Laplace's Equation
Computed Exact
a
V b 2.0303 (V) V0 2.0000 (V)
2
For nmax 41 , the percent error in the potential at this point is:
a
V b V0
Error
2 100 Error 1.515 (%)
V0
Product Solution Of Laplace's Equation
Plot V throughout the inside of the box
Now we will plot the potential throughout the interior of the rectangular box structure. First
compute V at the matrix of points ixand yj:
Potentiali j V xi yj
Now generate a contour plot of Potential
i,j:
Plot of V(x,y)
yend 0.500 ( m)
y = 0 (m)
Potential
x = 0 (m) xend 0.500 ( m)
We can observe in this plot that the potential is a complicated function of x and y. (The surface
plot below may help in visualizing the variation of V throughout the interior of this box.) The
potential is symmetric about the plane y = a/2 which we would expect since the box and the
boundary conditions are both symmetric about this same plane.
Product Solution Of Laplace's Equation
V(x,y)
Potential
The jagged edge on the potential at the far wall is due to numerical error and is a nonphysical
result. The potential along that wall should exactly equal
V0 2 (V)
since that is the applied potential along that wall. This jaggedness in the numerical solution can
be reduced by increasing the number of terms in the infinite summation max(n
) for V and/or
increasing the number of points to plot in the contour and surface plots (npts).