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    Hyperosmolar Hypergylicemic State

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    Radya Agna
    1. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is a life-threatening complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus characterized by severe hyperglycemia, extreme dehydration, and altered mental status. 2. Risk factors include older age (average 60 years old), female sex, type 2 diabetes, and acute illnesses or medications that increase blood sugar levels or cause dehydration. 3. Symptoms include weakness, vision changes, seizures, nausea, vomiting, confusion, tachycardia, hypotension, and hyperthermia if an infection is present. Diagnosis is based on physical exam findings and hyperglycemia without ketosis.

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    Hyperosmolar Hypergylicemic State

    Uploaded by

    Radya Agna
    64 views17 pages
    1. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is a life-threatening complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus characterized by severe hyperglycemia, extreme dehydration, and altered mental status. 2. Risk factors include older age (average 60 years old), female sex, type 2 diabetes, and acute illnesses or medications that increase blood sugar levels or cause dehydration. 3. Symptoms include weakness, vision changes, seizures, nausea, vomiting, confusion, tachycardia, hypotension, and hyperthermia if an infection is present. Diagnosis is based on physical exam findings and hyperglycemia without ketosis.

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    HHS

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    1. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is a life-threatening complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus characterized by severe hyperglycemia, extreme dehydration, and altered mental status. 2. Risk factors include older age (average 60 years old), female sex, type 2 diabetes, and acute illnesses or medications that increase blood sugar levels or cause dehydration. 3. Symptoms include weakness, vision changes, seizures, nausea, vomiting, confusion, tachycardia, hypotension, and hyperthermia if an infection is present. Diagnosis is based on physical exam findings and hyperglycemia without ketosis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    64 views17 pages

    Hyperosmolar Hypergylicemic State

    Uploaded by

    Radya Agna
    1. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is a life-threatening complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus characterized by severe hyperglycemia, extreme dehydration, and altered mental status. 2. Risk factors include older age (average 60 years old), female sex, type 2 diabetes, and acute illnesses or medications that increase blood sugar levels or cause dehydration. 3. Symptoms include weakness, vision changes, seizures, nausea, vomiting, confusion, tachycardia, hypotension, and hyperthermia if an infection is present. Diagnosis is based on physical exam findings and hyperglycemia without ketosis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    HYPEROSMOLAR HYPERGYLICEMIC Radya Agna Nugraha

    1610211011

    STATE Pisi Nopita Wigati


    1610211016
    DEFINISI
    • Merupakan komplikasi akut dan kegawatdaruratan/emergency diabetes mellitus.
    (ilmu penyakit dalam UI).
    • Hyperglicemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) atau Sindrom hiperglikemik
    hiperosmolar (SHH) adalah komplikasi yang mengancam nyawa dari penyakit
    diabetes mellitus yang tidak terkontrol.
    • Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is a metabolic complication of diabetes mellitus
    (DM) characterized by severe hyperglycemia, extreme dehydration, hyperosmolar
    plasma, and altered consciousness.
    •HHS adalah istilah untuk HHNK (Hiperglikemia-hiperosmolar non ketotik) dan HHK
    (Hiperglikemia-hiperosmolar koma)
    EPIDEMIOLOGI
    • Sekitar 5-15% dari seluruh kasus emergensi hiperglikemi pada diabetes.
    • Frekuensi 17,5 kasus per 100.000 penduduk per tahun.
    • The average age of patients with HHS is 60 years ( 50-69 years on most published
    series) t
    • The prevalence is slightly higher in females than in males.
    • Increased prevalence of type 2 DM in these populations.
    • The mortality rate for patients with HHS is between 10 and 20 percent, which is
    approximately 10 times higher than that for DKA
    •Afrika amerika, hispanik, native amerika meningkat
    ETIOLOGI
    • Hyperglicemia
    • Complication of diabetes melitus  Hyperglicemia
    • The stress response to any acute illness tends to increase counterregulatory hormones that favor
    elevated glucose levels.
    • Patients with underlying renal dysfunction
    • Drugs that raise serum glucose levels, inhibit insulin, or cause dehydration may contribute to
    development of HHS. (Antidiabetic medications)
    RISK-FACTOR
    GEJALA KLINIS
    -Lemah -Perubahan status mental : coma
    -gangguan penglihatan -kejang: umum, lokal, mioklonik
    -Kaki kejang -85% disertai penyakit penyerta
    -mual muntah -takikardia dan hipotensi
    -letargi, pusing bingung -hipotermia: prognosis buruk
    -Hemiparesis
    -tanda2 dehidrasi berat
    -peningkatan suhu tubuh karena infeksi
    GEJALA KLINIS
    DIAGNOSIS
    • Anamnesis : lihat riwayat pengobatan terkontrol •Physical exam findings and signs related to HHS
    atau tidak include the following:
    • Altered mental status, confusion
    • Px Fisik :
    • Vital signs related to HHS include the following : • Lethargy
    • Tachycardia • Ill appearance
    • Orthostatic decrease in blood pressure • Dry mucous membranes
    • Hypotension • Sunken eyes
    • Tachypnea • Decreased skin turgor
    • Hyperthermia, if infection is present • Poor capillary refill
    • Weak thread pulse
    • Anhidrosis
    • Decreased urine output
    • Coma
    DIAGNOSIS
    CAIRAN
    INSULIN
    ELEKTROLIT
    TATALAKSANA
    PROGNOSIS
    • Overall mortality for HHS is estimated at 5-20%
    • Prognosis is worse for elderly patients and patients in whom coma and hypotension
    are found.
    • In children, mortality from complications from HHS also appears to be higher than
    mortality from DKA.

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