Housing - Squatter and Slum Upgradation GROUP 10
Housing - Squatter and Slum Upgradation GROUP 10
Housing - Squatter and Slum Upgradation GROUP 10
• Collection of buildings where the people have no legal • Slum is a heavily populated urban informal
rights to the land they are built upon settlement characterized by substandard housing
• People are living there illegally and do not own the • Residential areas where dwelling are unfit for human
land habitation by reasons of dilapidation, over crowding,
• Housing for many of the world's poorest people and faculty arrangements and design of such buildings,
offer basic shelter narrowness or faulty arrangement of street ,lack of
• Squatter area is also called as shanty town, where the ventilation ,light or sanitation facilities or any
settlement of plywood, corrugated metal, sheet of combination of these factors which are determined to
plastic and carboard boxes found the safety and health
CAUSES OF SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS AND SLUMS
3 4
RISKS OF SQUATTERS AND SLUMS
37%
Recognized Slums
• All areas recognized as ‘Slum’ by state, UT
Administration or Local Government ,Housing and
63%
Slum Boards, which may have not been formally
notified as slum under any act
Identified slums
• A compact area of at least 300 population or about SLUMS REPORTED OUT OF 4,04 2543 TOWNS
60-70 households of poorly built congested STAUTORY TOWNS 63 %
tenements ,in unhygienic environment usually with TOTAL SLUM ENUMERATION 1.08 Lakh IN THE COUNTRY
inadequate infrastructure and lacking in proper BLOCKS
sanitary and drinking water facilities (Identified) LARGEST NUMBER OF SLUMS EBs 21,359 EBs
NUMBER OF SLUM BLOCKS BY TYPE HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE PERCENTAGE OF SLUMS HHs
OF SLUMS INDIA : CENSUS 2011 OF SLUMS INDIA: CENSUS 2011 TO TOATAL URBAN HHs
Notified Identified
Notified Identified 36% 36%
34% 37%
Recognised
30%
Recognised
28%
ELECTRICITY 90.5
KEROSENE 8.2
SOLAR 0.3
NO LIGHTING 0.5
TAP 74.0
WELL 3.0
An urban renewal strategy used to transform low income settlements with poor
reputation into another type of development or housing
SLUM RELOCATION
SLUM UPGRADATION
ELECTRICITY 90.5
KEROSENE 8.2
SOLAR 0.3
NO LIGHTING 0.5
TAP 74.0
WELL 3.0
Dharavi , Mumbai,India
• Dharavi is Asia’s largest slum and considered as
one of the largest slums in the world, founded
in 1880 during British regiment.
• 55% of population of Mumbai , appx. 1 million
lives in these slums
• Mumbai’s slums cover 6-8% of the city’s land
with 55%of it’s people
1995 Slum redevelopment plan • Slum land is given to private developers and they should
(Slum redevelopment authority give consent of 70 percent of the slum dwellers in the
formed in 1997) community, the developer will clear the land and
rehouse the eligible slum dwellers free of cost in
multistory-building tenements of 269 square feet carpet
area per household
YEAR AIM (or) PLAN REMARKS
2010 latest urban redevelopment • It involves the construction of 30,000,000 square feet
plan (2,800,000 m2) of housing, schools, parks and roads to serve
(Cost estimated 15,000 the 57,000 families residing in the area, along with 40,000,000
crores) square feet (3,700,000 m2) of residential and commercial
space for sale.
• Opposition to the plans because of receiving of less land than
expected.
• Residents also fear that some of their small businesses in the
informal sector may not be relocated under the
redevelopment plan
ENVIRONMENT HEALTH
CASE STUDY - NATIONAL
2011 Kenya Informal Settlement Improvement • Relocation housing was constructed and around
Project (KISIP) 1,800 households were relocated.
• Focus on improving living conditions in • The construction process has been slowed
existing informal settlements by investing in down by a court case.
infrastructure and strengthening tenure
security.
On a smaller scale :
• a British Charity, has been responsible for low cost roofing tiles made from sand and clay and adding
lime and natural fiber to soil to create blocks used for building that are cheaper than concrete.
Lot of charities are working for these slums :
• (UN Habitat) has provided affordable electricity to some parts of the slum at 300 Kenyan shillings per
shack.
• There are two main water pipes - one provided by the council and the other by the World Bank - at a
cost of 3 Kenyan Shillings per 20 liters