By Rhyan G. Tiopianco RN, MAN Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation College of Nursing and Allied Health Science
By Rhyan G. Tiopianco RN, MAN Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation College of Nursing and Allied Health Science
By Rhyan G. Tiopianco RN, MAN Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation College of Nursing and Allied Health Science
• Balanced Anesthesia
Uses a combination of drugs, each in amount sufficient to
effect hypnosis, analgesia, and muscular relaxation to an
optimum degree and to keep undesirable effects to a
minimum. Referred to as Neuroleptanesthesia.
Cont.
• Local or Regional Block Anesthesia
Produced in a limited area and does not affect the
consciousness of the client. The sensory nerves in one
area or region of the body are anesthetized. Referred to
as Conduction Anesthesia. One type of local
anesthesia is acupuncture.
Cont.
• Spinal or Epidural Anesthesia
Produced by injecting an agent beneath the
membrane of the spinal cord. Sensation of pain is
blocked at a level below the diaphragm. Like local
anesthesia, there is no loss of consciousness in clients
which had been given spinal or epidural anesthesia.
Stages of Anesthesia
Induction Stage
Client begins to feel;
Drowsy
Dizzy
Amnesic
Loses consciousness
Cont.
Excitement Stage
Feels excited and has irregular breathing.
He /She then shows movements of the extremities and
then feels relaxed, with slight hypnosis afterwards.
Operative Stage
Client experiences regular respiration.
Contraction of the pupils.
Loss of reflexes
Muscle relaxation
Loss of auditory sensation
Depression of vital functions
Cont.
Danger Stage
Vital sign’s are too depressed.
He /She exhibits no breathing
Weak or absent pulse or heartbeat.
Techniques in Administering
General Anesthesia
Inhalation – Nitrous oxide, Halothane (Fluothane),
Isoflurane (Forane), Sevoflurane (Sevorane)
Endotracheal Administration
May lead to the following complications:
Trauma to teeth
Pharynx
Vocal cords
Trachea
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia
Accidental esophageal or endobronchial intubation
Cont.
Aspiration of gastrointestinal contents
Tracheal collapse
Inhalation drugs:
• Nitrous chloride
• Halothane (Fluothane)
• Isoflurane (Forane)
• Sevoflurane (Sevorane)
Adverse effects of Balanced
Anesthesia
It may produce a detached, apathetic state.
It may affect the behavior and attitude of the client
postoperatively. The client may manifest anger,
irritability and preoccupation with death.
Local and Regional Anesthesia
Local Anesthesia
o Topical application
Applied directly on the skin, mucous membranes, to a
serious surface, or into an open wound.
Duration of anesthesia is from 20 to 30 minutes.
o Local infiltration
Injected intracutaneously and subcutaneously into the
tissues at and around the incisional site to block
peripheral sensory nerve stimuli at their origin.
Cont.
Regional Anesthesia
o Spinal and Epidural anesthesia
Spinal and Epidural Anesthesia is injected between the
Lumbar 3 and Lumbar 4 levels.