Weldability
Weldability
Weldability
STAINLESS STEEL
LALIT D PATIDAR
WELDING ENGG.
Content
• Introduction of SS
• Classification of SS & its Properties
• Austenitic Stainless Steel
• Alloying elements of ASS
• Weldability ASS
Stainless Steel
• Iron base alloys
• Cr the main alloying element (Min 11%)
• SS generic name given to group of corrosion &
heat resisting steel
• 200 different grades
Alloying Elements:
Cr, Ni, Mo, Ti, Nb & Cb
Mechanical Properties
Y.S. MPa T.S. MPa % Elongation
350 550 30
Mechanical Properties
Characteristics:
• Corrosion & Oxidation resistance
• Strength at elevated temp.
Application:
• Mostly used in aerospace application
Duplex Stainless Steel
Properties
• High Y.S than the Austenitic grades
• Better resistance to Chloride corrosion
• Better toughness and higher fabricability than Ferritic grades
Austenitic Stainless Steel
• At room temperature – Austenitic structure
• Austenitic stabilizers present – Ni & Mn
• e.g. (AISI) 304 - 18%Cr, 8%Ni, 0.08%C max.
316 - 18%Cr, 8%Ni, 2%Mo, 0.08%C max.
Mechanical Properties
•AWS Definition :
“The capacity of a metal to be welded under the
fabrication conditions imposed, into a specific,
suitably designed structure, and to perform
satisfactorily in the intended service”
Weldability of Austenitic Stainless Steel
• ASS are most weldable alloy of SS family
• Welded by fusion and resistance welding processes
Properties
– M.P low (1398 ºC – 1454 ºC)
– Electrical resistivity high
– Thermal conductivity low
– Molten weld pool is more viscous & sluggish
– Cofficient of expansion 30-40% greather than ferrite
Ferrite stabilizer
Cr , Mo , Si , Nb , Ti , Cb ,
V , Al
• Ferrite formers
• Corrosion resistance
Weldability of Austenitic Stainless Steel
Effect of alloying element on the properties of steel
Weldability of Austenitic Stainless Steel
Delong Diagram
Weldability of Austenitic Stainless Steel
• Improper welding condition (long arc, lack of proper shielding
etc) change ferrite content
• Sensitization: Slow cooling (899ºC -427°C)
Cr carbide ppt. at grain boundaries – corrosion attack
• Preheat not required
• Interpass temp control- extremely important
• SCC – Presence of stress + Halogen atmosphere
• PWHT not required
Weldability of Austenitic Stainless Steel
• Two problems associated with welding of ASS
1) Carbide precipitation
2) Cracking tendency
• Carbide precipitation
- The steel exposed for long periods temp. range 427-899ºC
- Cr carbide at grain boundaries.
Weldability of Austenitic Stainless Steel