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    Jammu Kashmir

    Uploaded by

    Vaidehi Desai
    This document provides information on the vernacular architecture of Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh. It discusses the different types of structures used for permanent, semi-permanent, and temporary housing based on local climate and materials. Dhajji houses with load-bearing timber frames are used in Kashmir. Donga houses and mud brick structures are used for semi-permanent and permanent homes. In Ladakh, black-haired yak poles and flat roofs are used to withstand the cold climate in permanent structures, while temporary homes are small and brightly painted. Local building methods help withstand earthquakes and other natural disasters through the use of lightweight and flexible materials.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Jammu Kashmir

    Uploaded by

    Vaidehi Desai
    339 views6 pages
    This document provides information on the vernacular architecture of Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh. It discusses the different types of structures used for permanent, semi-permanent, and temporary housing based on local climate and materials. Dhajji houses with load-bearing timber frames are used in Kashmir. Donga houses and mud brick structures are used for semi-permanent and permanent homes. In Ladakh, black-haired yak poles and flat roofs are used to withstand the cold climate in permanent structures, while temporary homes are small and brightly painted. Local building methods help withstand earthquakes and other natural disasters through the use of lightweight and flexible materials.

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    This document provides information on the vernacular architecture of Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh. It discusses the different types of structures used for permanent, semi-permanent, and temporary housing based on local climate and materials. Dhajji houses with load-bearing timber frames are used in Kashmir. Donga houses and mud brick structures are used for semi-permanent and permanent homes. In Ladakh, black-haired yak poles and flat roofs are used to withstand the cold climate in permanent structures, while temporary homes are small and brightly painted. Local building methods help withstand earthquakes and other natural disasters through the use of lightweight and flexible materials.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    339 views6 pages

    Jammu Kashmir

    Uploaded by

    Vaidehi Desai
    This document provides information on the vernacular architecture of Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh. It discusses the different types of structures used for permanent, semi-permanent, and temporary housing based on local climate and materials. Dhajji houses with load-bearing timber frames are used in Kashmir. Donga houses and mud brick structures are used for semi-permanent and permanent homes. In Ladakh, black-haired yak poles and flat roofs are used to withstand the cold climate in permanent structures, while temporary homes are small and brightly painted. Local building methods help withstand earthquakes and other natural disasters through the use of lightweight and flexible materials.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The passage provides an overview of the geography, demography, culture and vernacular architecture of Jammu and Kashmir.

    The main types of houses discussed are Dhajji houses, Donga houses and Kacchi huts. Temporary shelters mentioned are Taaq style and Ladakh settlements.

    Construction materials include timber, stone, mud, thatch and bamboo. Techniques discussed are load-bearing, wooden framing, stone foundations, mud plastering and sloping roofs.

    VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE

    JAMMU KASHMIR AND LADAKH


    MADE BY : VAIDEHI DESAI
    SECTION : A
    ITM SAAD
    GEOGROPHY CLIMATE FESTIVALS HANDI CRAFTS
    LATITUDES : 32• .17’ TO 36•.58’ •SEVERE HUMID
    NORTH •RAW WINTERS
    LONGITUDE : 73*.26’ TO 80*.26’ •SHORT SUMMER
    EAST.
    NEIGHBOURING STATES :PAKISTAN RIVERS & KASHMIRI SHAWL
    LAKES
    FRON WEST, CHINA & TIBET IN THE NAVRATRI BAHU MELA
    NORTHE AND EAST , PUNJAB AND
    •CHENAB RIVER
    HIMACHAL IN SOUTH AND WEST.
    •INDUS RIVER
    Percentage NO HOMOGENEITY WITH
    Division •JHELUM RIVER
    Area REGARDS TO ITS PHYSICAL PAPIER MACHE OBJECTS
    •DAL LAKE
    FEATURES BUT REPRESENTS AN
    Kashmir 15.73% •WULAR LAKE
    INTERESTING MORPHOLOGY.
    Jammu 25.93% •MANASBAL LAKE
    SUMMER CAPITAL : SRINAGAR CHAITRE CHAUDASH MELA BAISAKHI
    Ladakh 58.33% WINTER CAPITAL : JAMMU
    CARPET

    LANGUAGES CULTURE
    • KASHMIRI (53.27%) •STATE FAMOUSE FOR ITS
    • HINDI (20.83%) MISCELLANEOUSE STYLE IN
    • DOGRI (20.04%) EVERY ASPECTS. RIVER BOATS MANSAR FOOD AND LOHRI HANDI CRAFTS
    • PUNJABI (1.75%) CRAFT MELA
    •HIGHEST TEM: 37*
    • OTHERS (4.11%) •KASHMIR IS AFFECTED BY MONSOON WHERE AS
    •LOWEST : 14*
    RELIGION •50 – 70” RAINFALL IN LADAKH NEVER EXPERIENCES IT.
    OUTER HILLS
    • ISLAM (68.31%) •30 – 40” IN KASHMIR
    •BEST SEASON TO VISIT : SEPTEMBER TO APRIL
    •
    •
    HINDUISM (28.43%)
    SIKHISM (1.87%)
    VALLEY •MOST VISITED PPLACE DISASTER
    •-LESS THAN 10” IN •SRINAGAR , LEH •DISTINCT TOPO SURFACE
    • BUDDHISM (0.89%) FRONTIER DISTRICK
    •FAMOUSE FOR INDO •MULTI HAZARD PRONE ZONE –
    • CHRISTIANITY (0.28%)
    • JAINISM (0.01%)
    TIBETIAN , SHIKHARAS SOIL EARTHQUAKE,FLOOD, LANDSLIDES
    ,AVALANCHES ,HIGH VELOCITY WINDS
    AND JAMMU’S DOGRA •KASHMIR – CLAYEY, LOAMY RICH & LIGHT,
    • OTHER OR NONE (0.01%)
    • ATHEIST (0.001%)
    CULTURE ALSO MASK PEATY AND LOW LYING SWAMPS AND IS OF ,SNOW , STORMS.
    DANCE. ALLUVIAL ORIGIN BUT FERTILE •2005 – 4.6 MAGNITUDE
    •SEMI MOUNTANIOUSE – COARSE •ALSO 6.2 MAGNITUDE AFTER SHOCKS
    •LADAKH – BARE ROAKY WITH GRAVEL SLOPES•OCT 19 – MAX 5.8 MAG ,OCT 27 978 –
    , KANDI TRACTS – THICK LAYER OF STON 4.0 MAG . MOUNTAINS RISING UP
    GIVING BARE LOOK
    KASHMIR SETTLE MENT FLOORING OPENING
    •MUD ,WOOD, CARPET. •IN SOUTH OR
    •EARTH , STONE. SOUTHWEST DIRECTION
    SEMI -
    PERMANENT PERMANENT TEMPORARY SLOPING ROOF •MINIMUM NO.S
    •MAX SPAN – 3’.0”
    •ALSO
    FLAT ,
    WOODEN
    DAJJI HOUSE DONGA HOUSE KACCHI HUTTS N MUD
    FLOORING FINISH.
    1 ) DHAJJI HOUSE - PATCH WORK MUD PLASTER – COW DUNG – WHITE WASH
    •KEEP INNER SPACE
    WARM
    •NO MORTAR.
    •NOT MUCH EFFECT
    SEEN IN DISASTER

    STONE FOUNDATION DASA ( PLINTH BEAM)


    •LOAD BEARING STRUCTURE
    •PROTECTS
    THE DASA
    FROM
    •PATCHING OF TIMBER WATER AND
    AND STONE. INSECTS
    WHY SO STRONG ?

    •FRICKTION BREAKS DOWN


    THE ENERGY
    •EARTHQUAKE FORMS CRACKS •STONES MOVE AND RASPS
    •SMALL PANELS DISTRIBUTE LOADS EVENLY. AGAINST EACH OTHER
    •MANY SMALL CRACKS, PANEL FALLS BUT •NUT NEEDS PROTECTION
    WALL REMAINS FROM WATER WITH
    RESOLVED JOINERY
    2 )DONGA HOUSE 1) SEMI AND PERMANENT HOUSE WALLS

    • WELL WALL FINISH •SUN DRIED MUD BRICKS. RAMMED EARTH


    PANEL. RETAINS TEMPERATURE
    PLANNED
    •FULLY •MUD PLASTERED – LIME WASHED
    WOODEN •CREATES GERM FREE ATMOSPHERE.
    •DELICATE KASHMIRI WOODEN
    CARVING ROOF
    •MODERN RESOURCES
    •STREAMLINED BODY , WITH
    WOODEN CARVING

    LADAKH SETTLE MENT • FLAT DUE TO LESS PRECIPITATION.


    • INSULATION FROM COLD
    •BLACK HAIR OF
    PERMANENT
    SEMI –
    TEMPORARY MATURED YAKS. OPENINGS
    PERMANENT
    3.5 % 56.5 % •WOODEN POLES
    38.3%
    •HEIGHT MIN – 6’
    •VENT FOR CHULLAH
    •STONE TOILET ,OF
    REBO CALLED
    LEKHA
    •ADVERSE CLIMATE •HIGHLY DECORATED • SMALL IN
    EFFECT SIZE • PAINTED IN BRIGHT COLORS
    • MOSTLY IN SOUTH AND SOUTH-
    3) TEMPORARY HOUSE •20-25 YRS VALIDITY
    •NOT ALLOW TEMP EAST DIRECTIONS
    CHANGE. •WOODEN
    • MINIMAL
    •HIGHLY DECO
    FURNITURE - -RATED KITCHE
    TAAQ STYLE CONSTRUCTION TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN &
    •CONSISTING OF BRICK
    MASONRY INTERLACED
    SECTION OF KASHMIR HOUSE
    WITH HEAVY TIMBER
    BANDS SUPPORTED ON
    LARGE MASONRY PIERS
    MADE OF BAKED BRICKS.
    •HAS A LARGE NUMBER
    OF WINDOWS (“TAAQ”
    FLOORING SETTLEMENT IN SRINAGAR NEAR
    MEANS WINDOW), ONE •PLINTH WITH STONE N MORTAR JHELUM
    IN EACH GAP BETWEEN – THEN TIMBER JOIST TO MAKE
    THE PIERS. STRUCTURE STABLE AND
    • THE ROOFS ARE TWO- EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE.
    AND FOUR-SIDED

    LADAKHI ROOF TECHNIQUE


    FLOORING ON
    EARTHQUAKE .
    RAMMED EARTH.

    •CEILING OF WOODEN BEAMS , RAFTERS & WILLOW


    STICK JOISTS – WOVEN STRAW – YAGTSES GRASS –
    PLANNIG
    ROUGH SOIL – MARKALAK CLAY – FINAL SOIL LAYER
    OR COW DUNG ETC.
    TROMB WALL
    DORJE HOUSE

    •COMPACT AND
    CLUSTER – MADE
    WALL PLASTERING
    •MUD, SAW DUST ,WOOD
    UP OF STONE AND
    SHAVING ,PAPER N PLASTIC
    MUD CLAY
    GARBAG WITH EARTH &
    CLAY.
    GALLERY INFLUENCE OF VERNACULAR
    IN PRESENT

    RARE EXAMPLE OF A SURVIVING


    TURF ROOF SONAM WANGCHUK
    ARCHITECTURE

    ZOONDUB WITH FRETWORKED EAVES &


    PENDANT WIND CHIMES

    COLONIAL AND VERNACULAR


    STYLE COMBINES

    NIMMU HOUSE

    DHAJJI HOUSE – STUCO EXTERIOR


    AND TAQQ CONSTRUCTION WITH
    BRICK PIERS

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