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    Week-12 Lect-32: PPE-310 Instrumentation and Control

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    Muhammad Attique
    The document discusses different types of electrical pressure sensors and how they work. It describes three main types of pressure transducers: strain gauge, capacitive, and piezoelectric. It focuses on strain gauge pressure transducers, explaining that strain gauges bonded to a flexible diaphragm convert changes in pressure into changes in electrical resistance. As pressure increases or decreases, the diaphragm deforms, changing the resistance of the strain gauges. The relationship between resistance change and deformation is called the gauge factor and indicates the sensor's sensitivity.

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    Week-12 Lect-32: PPE-310 Instrumentation and Control

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Attique
    17 views12 pages
    The document discusses different types of electrical pressure sensors and how they work. It describes three main types of pressure transducers: strain gauge, capacitive, and piezoelectric. It focuses on strain gauge pressure transducers, explaining that strain gauges bonded to a flexible diaphragm convert changes in pressure into changes in electrical resistance. As pressure increases or decreases, the diaphragm deforms, changing the resistance of the strain gauges. The relationship between resistance change and deformation is called the gauge factor and indicates the sensor's sensitivity.

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    The document discusses different types of electrical pressure sensors and how they work. It describes three main types of pressure transducers: strain gauge, capacitive, and piezoelectric. It focuses on strain gauge pressure transducers, explaining that strain gauges bonded to a flexible diaphragm convert changes in pressure into changes in electrical resistance. As pressure increases or decreases, the diaphragm deforms, changing the resistance of the strain gauges. The relationship between resistance change and deformation is called the gauge factor and indicates the sensor's sensitivity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    17 views12 pages

    Week-12 Lect-32: PPE-310 Instrumentation and Control

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Attique
    The document discusses different types of electrical pressure sensors and how they work. It describes three main types of pressure transducers: strain gauge, capacitive, and piezoelectric. It focuses on strain gauge pressure transducers, explaining that strain gauges bonded to a flexible diaphragm convert changes in pressure into changes in electrical resistance. As pressure increases or decreases, the diaphragm deforms, changing the resistance of the strain gauges. The relationship between resistance change and deformation is called the gauge factor and indicates the sensor's sensitivity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    PPE-310

    Instrumentation and control

    Week-12
    Lect-32

    1
    Outline

    Pressure Sensors

    2
    Electrical Pressure Sensors

    A sensor is a device that transforms


    information such as composition,
    chemical activity, concentration and
    Pressure into detectable physical
    signals (such as current, mass,
    acoustic, optic) that could be
    analyzed using the available
    Methods).

    Limiting features for a typical


    sensor are as follows: sensitivity and
    response

    Every sensor consists of two


    elements: sensing and transducer
    3
    Why Electrical Sensors?

     Electric signals give quicker responses and high accuracy in digital


    measurements.
     Provide real time feedback

    4
    Why Electrical Sensors?

    5
    Pressure Sensors?
    A pressure sensor is a device which senses pressure and converts it into an analog
    electric signal whose magnitude depends upon the pressure applied.

    A typical pressure sensor consists of two main components (i) sensing material (all
    discussed above) and (ii) transducer.

    There are three main types of pressure transducer

    i. Strain gauge pressure transducers


    ii. Capacitive pressure transducers
    iii. Piezoelectric pressure transducers

    mA Output Pressure Transducer: The mA is the most common output in use. The
    signal can vary from 4 mA to 20 mA.

    Voltage Pressure Transducer: In this type of pressure transducer, the output is


    normally 0-5dc or 0-10Vdc

    Working (see the video)


    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UZLiLRlJzbU
    6
    Working mechanism of Strain gauge
    pressure transducers

    What is Strain and strain gauge?


    Strain is the amount of deformation of a body due to an applied force.
    More specifically, strain is defined as the fractional change in length.

    Diaphragm or
    flexible
    element

    Strain gauge converts force, pressure, tension, weight, etc., into a


    change in electrical resistance which can then be measured.

    7
    Strain gauge pressure transducers

    How does it work

    Strain gauges bonded to a flexible diaphragm so that any change in pressure


    causes a small deformation, or strain, in the diaphragm material.

    The deformation changes the resistance of the strain gauges,

    8
    Strain gauge pressure transducers

    How does it work


     As a consequence of strain two physical
    qualities are of particular interest: (1) the
    change in gauge resistance and (2) the
    change in length. The relationship
    between these two variables expressed as
    a ratio is called the gauge factor.

     K. Expressed mathematically as

    K also shows the


    sensitivity of SG

    9
    Example-8

    A resistant strain gauge with a gauge factor of


    2 is fastened to a steel member, which is
    subjected to a strain of 1 X 10-6. If the original
    resistance value of the gauge is 130 . Calculate
    the change in resistance.

    10
    Example-9

    A round steel bar, 0.02 m in diameter and 0.40


    m in length, is subjected to a tensile force of
    33.000 kg/m2, where E=2x1010 kg/m2.
    Calculate the elongation, L, in meters.

    11
    zero and span of transmitter
    The limits of instruments are defined by the zero and span values.
    The zero value is the lower end of the range.
    Span is defined as the algebraic difference between the upper and lower range
    values.
    Several linear transmitters have been installed and calibrated as
    follows:
    What is the gain of each transmitter? zero? span?
    Yes there are two adjustments in transmitter
    and positioners i.e ZERO and SPAN adjustment.

    For example, if we calibrate the level transmitter for


    4 to 20 mA with the range of 0 mmH2o to 5000
    mmH20, for 0 mmH2o we must get 4 mA and if it not
    4 mA(say 4.5mA) means, we
    start to adjust the zero adjustment to make 4 mA for
    0 mmH2o.
    And for 5000 mmH2o we must get 20 mA and if it not
    20 mA (say 19.69 mA) means, we start to adjust the
    span to 20 mA.
    This is the way to calibrate the transmitter with the
    help of zero and span adjustment.
    12

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