Advanced Radar Systems

Advanced Radar Systems
Objectives
• Describe how a Pulsed Doppler radar works

and how it’s able to determine target
velocity.
• Describe how a Moving Target Indicator
(MTI) determines target velocity.
• Describe how a pulse compression can
provide a high-resolution radar return at the
receiver.
Velocity Determination for Pulse
Radars
• Basic Pulse Radar system cannot determine

velocity directly from a single pulse.
• However, radar modifications enable us to
determine movement
Advanced Radar Systems
• Combine the ranging feature of Pulse radars
with the range rate feature of CW radars
• Range, bearing, elevation to target
• Detects target’s velocity
• Uses radial velocity to eliminate stationary
returns (clutter) or compute their velocity and
future location
• Two types: Moving Target Indicator (MTI)
and Pulse Doppler (PD)
– MTI uses phase measurements to ID moving
targets
– PD uses frequency measurements to ID moving
targets and compute velocity in LOS
Moving Target Indicator (MTI)
• Compare transmitted phase to return phase
to detect motion (i.e., phase shift)
– uses phase comparator
• One full cycle of phase shift (360 degs) equals
a change in range of ½ l
– pulse-to-pulse comparisons; resulting phase
measurements are averaged to discriminate
between moving targets and stationary ones
– cancellation circuit eliminates non-zero phase
average (Clutter Rejection)
• Bearing, Range, and Motion
• Primarily used in Search Radar systems
Δ phase
Pulse 1
time
Pulse 2
Pulse 3
Pulse 4
Pulse 5
Next Pulse
Avg Phase
Subtracted
Difference
Displayed Only moving
Signal Displayed
Moving Target Indicator (MTI)
• Delay line circuit saves previous phase
evaluation for comparison.
• Cancellation circuit subtracts previous phase

comparison from current phase comparison.
• Return from Stationary targets will have

same phase comparison and be cancelled out.
• Return from Moving targets will have

different phase comparison and will be
retained / displayed.
MTI
Pulse Doppler
• Attributes of pulse radar / technology of
CW radar.
• Why is a “mixer” added to Pulse Radar?
• Sample of transmitted and received signal
compared at mixer.
– Mixer output is Doppler shift (velocity).
– Doppler sorted into velocity categories.
– In some applications velocities
are coded by color.
• Standard Weather Radar.
• More rain / higher wind – higher Doppler.
Hurricane Isabel- Photo
Hurricane Isabel – Pulse Doppler
Pulse Doppler Radar
• Principle military use as Fire Control Radar

• High PRF
– Many pulses / high frequency gives large
amount of range and range rate data
– High degree of accuracy
• (range, bearing, elevation, velocity)
• Target position now includes velocity

– Large receiver Bandwidth (BW) to capture
larger fD
Pulse Doppler System
ft
Transmitter
Mixer
fr
Receiver
Df Antenna
Doppler
Display
Filter
High Resolution Radar
• Pulse Compression
• Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
• Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR)
Pulse Compression
• Signal Processing
Technique.
• Same idea as FMCW
– Except in a pulse
• Combines:
– High energy of Long Pulse.
– High resolution of Short
Pulse.
• Pulse is Frequency
Modulated.
– Increased in frequency over
duration of pulse.
Pulse Compression
Distance between Leading Edge Remains Same
• Return pulse passed thru Pulse Compression Circuit.

– Lower frequencies pass through slower.
– Pulse “piles up” on itself.
– Can distinguish multiple returns within PW
• Filter Output is a signal with:
– greater power for longer range.
– narrower pulse width
Pulse Compression
Transmitted Pulse
Received Pulse
Pulse Compression Filtering
Objectives
• Describe how a Pulsed Doppler radar

works and how it’s able to determine
target velocity.
• Describe how a Moving Target Indicator
(MTI) determines target velocity.
• Describe how a pulse compression can
provide a high-resolution radar return at
the receiver.
Assignment
• Reading Assignment pp 4-16 to 4-18.

• Do Guided Reading
• Problem Set 2

Advanced Radar Systems

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Advanced Radar Systems

• Describe how a Pulsed Doppler radar works

• Basic Pulse Radar system cannot determine

• Cancellation circuit subtracts previous phase

• Return from Stationary targets will have

• Return from Moving targets will have

• Principle military use as Fire Control Radar

• Target position now includes velocity

Distance between Leading Edge Remains Same

• Return pulse passed thru Pulse Compression Circuit.

• Describe how a Pulsed Doppler radar

• Reading Assignment pp 4-16 to 4-18.

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