SALVAJINA DAM

TREND IN HEIGHT OF CFRD DAMS

WITH TIME
240
240
14
200
200 11
13 15
12 16
Height [m]

160
160 5 8 10 17
7 9
H e ig h t (m )

120
120 3 6
2
A
80
80
1
4
40
40

00
1900
1900 1 9 2 5 1930
1925 1930 1940
1940 11950
950 1960
1960 1970
1970 1980
1980 1990
1990 2000
2000 2010
Early Period Transition Period Modern Period
E A R L Y P E R IO D T R A N S IT IO N P E R IO D M O D E R N P E R IO D

(Cooke, 1997, extended to 2006)

 Dumped Rockfill o Compacted Rockfill

1 Strawberry Creek 2 Salt Springs

3 Paradela 4 Quioch
5 New Exchequer 6 Cethana
7 Anchicaya 8 Areia
9 Khao Laem 10 Segredo
11 Aguamilpa 12 Yacambu
13 Tianshenqiao 14 Campos Novos
15 Barra Grande 16 Cajon
17 Mohale

A 68 CFRDs completed between 1990 and 2000, height 40 to 120 m

CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE

DAM ZONING
CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE

Zones for CFRD of sound rock on sound rock foundation

(adapted from Cooke, 1991, 1997)
EL CAJON DAM
EL CAJON DAM - ZONE 1
EL CAJON - ZONE 1
TYPICAL GRADATIONS OF ROCKFILL
AND TRANSITION MATERIALS
BULLETIN 70 GRADATION LIMITS FOR ZONE 2B

US Standard Sieve Size in mm Percent passing, by

weight

3” 76.2 100

1½“ 38.1 70-100

¾” 19.1 55-80

No. 4 4.76 35-55

No. 30 0.59 8-30

No. 200 0.074 5-15

MODIFIED BULLETIN 70 GRADATION LIMITS FOR ZONE 2B

US Standard Size in Percent passing, by weight

Sieve mm
Modified Gradation Antimina El
Limits, Zone 2B Peru Pescador
Colombia

3” 76.2 100 100 90-100

1½“ 38.1 70-100 80-100 70-100
¾” 19.1 55-80 60-85 55-80
No. 4 4.76 35-60 40-55 35-55
No. 16 1.19 18-40 22-35 20-40
No. 50 0.297 6-18 10-20 0-22
No. 200 0.074 0-7 (non-cohesive) 5-7 0-8
ZONE 2A GRADATIONS
GRADATION LIMITS FOR ZONE 2A

US Standard Size in mm Percent passing, by weight

Sieve

Aguamilpa Alternative
Mexico (Zone 2F) Gradation

1½“ 38.1 100 100

¾” 19.1 60-80 85-100

No. 4 4.76 32-60 50-75

No. 16 1.19 20-43 25-50

No. 50 0.297 12-26 10-25

No. 200 0.074 5-12 0-5

MODIFIED ZONE 2B GRADATION
CHARACTERISTICS OF ZONE 2B –
BRAZILIAN CFRDs
Dam Fox do Areia Segredo Itá Xingó Machadinho Itapebi
Fill Type Crushed Crushed Crushed Grizzlied Crushed Processed
Sound Basalt Sound Basalt Sound Basalt Sound and Sound Basalt Gneiss
Weathered Max. 4"
Granite/Gneiss

Width at base, m 13 8 10 12 10 12
Width at crest, m 4 5 3+4 4/6 3+4 3+4
Layer thickness, mm 400 400 400 400 400 400
Gradation: 100 75 75 100 75 100
Max. particle size, mm 50 45 60 70 50 80
25.4mm, % passing 12 20 25 44 15 45
# 4 sieve, % passing 1 2 5 10 7 11
# 100 sieve, % passing 0 0 1 7 2 7
# 200 sieve, % passing

Compaction: 4/10 ton 4/10 ton 4/9 ton 6/9 ton 4/10 ton 4/9 ton
Horizontal surfaces vibratory vibratory vibratory vibratory vibratory vibratory
(passes/roller) 6 passes 4/static + extruded wall 4/static + extruded wall extruded wall
Upslope 6/vibratory 6/vibratory
(passes/roller)

Void Ratio 0.31 0.21 0.175 0.31 0.19

Density, kN/m3 21.2 22.7 21.5 21.2 19.7 22.0
Performance Adequate Adequate Adequate Cracking + Under Under
During Construction Settlement Construction Construction

(Sobrinho, et al, 2000)

CFRD DAMS
JOINTS IN MODERN CFRD
DAMS
ALTO ANCHICAYA DAM
 ALTO ANCHICAYA DAM

EL 567 EL 567 EL 6 46
650 EL 63 8
F a c e S la b
O v e rs iz e R o c k fi ll
  E L . (M )

  600 1 .4
1 .0 1 .4
EL 56 7 1 .0
Zo n e 3
Zo n e 2 Zo n e 4
550 EL 53 5

510 F ilte rs
Im p e rv io u s C o v e r R iv e rb e d A llu v iu m Zo n e 2
ALTO ANCHICAYA DAM

H in g e S la b s V e rt ic a l jo in t s t y p e 1

J o in t Ty p e 2
P e rim e te r jo in t
P lin th
H in g e S la b s
H o riz o n ta l J o in t P lin th
ALTO ANCHICAYA DAM – JOINTS

Rub b e r
S la b W a t e rs t o p

P e rim e te r
J o in t
A s p h a lt S la b
P a in te d Rub b er
W a t e rs t o p s P lin th
Wood
F ille r

Wood
F ille r
ALTO ANCHICAYA DAM –
REMEDIAL WORKS

Le a ka g e P lin th P lin th
S la b C o m p a c te d
R e t a in in g C la y Sa n d
S e ttle m e n t S tru c tu re A s p h a lt
H in g e S la b

R ig h t A b u t m e n t
H in g e
S la b

M e sh
J o in t O p e n n g H o se M a s tic
W a te rs t o p
ALTO ANCHICAYA DAM
GOLILLAS DAM
GOLILLAS DAM

3020
Height
Reservoir 127 m
2940 223 hm3

2860
GOLILLAS DAM
GOLILLAS DAM
GOLILLAS DAM
GOLILLAS DAM - FACE SLAB PLAN

1.
1. Crest
Crest Wall
Wall 5. 2nd. Stage of Concrete Face
2.
2. Horizontal
Horizontal Joint
Joint 6. 3rd. Stage of Concrete Face
3.
3. Perimeter
Perimeter Joint
Joint 7. Plinth
4.
4. 1st.
1st. Stage
Stage of
of Concrete
Concrete Face
Face
GOLILLAS DAM - PLINTH

H/2

G ro u t C u rta in

F a c e S la b
PVC Band
A n c h o r B a rs

PVC
Waterstop
Copper
Waterstop
GOLILLAS DAM - SETTLEMENTS
J -7 J -6 J -5 J -4 J -3 J -2 J -1 J -7 J -6 J -5 J -4 J -3 J -2 J -1

El 2990
20 El 2980
0 4
2
16
12 6
EL 2960 9
8 12
18
EL 2940 24
30
4 36
EL 2920
EL 2 91 0

R e s e rv o ir L e v e l
S e ttle m e n t s in m m
S e t tle m e n t s in m m

El 2880 El 2880

Settlements Before Settlements between

First Fill June 1982 and April 1983
GOLILLAS DAM - TOTAL MOVEMENTS OF THE SLAB
NORMAL TO THE FACE AND ALONG JOINT 2

(Amaya, Marulanda 1985)

SALVAJINA DAM

F a c e s la b E l. 1 1 6 2
E l. 1 1 5 4
Zo n e 1

F ilte r p ro t e c tio n 1 .5 E l. 1 1 0 6
1
E l. 1 0 7 0 1 .4
Zo n e 5 Zo n e 2 Zo n e 4 1

To e S la b F ilt e r
A llu v iu m
SALVAJINA DAM - PERIMETER JOINTS

Bottom of the canyon Abutments

SALVAJINA DAM - JOINTS

Outer Slabs Inner Slabs

SALVAJINA DAM
ANTAMINA DAM
ANTAMINA DAM

E L .4 1 1 6

E L .4 0 1 5

Ultimate Dam
E L .3 9 3 5
E L .3 9 2 1 Starter Dam
E L .3 9 1 1
E L .3 9 0 6
WATER BARRIER USING COHESIONLESS FINES

(Pinto and Mori, 1988)

ANTAMINA DAM - JOINTS

Horizontal Vertical Joint Vertical Joint

Construction Joint Internal Slabs External Slabs
ANTAMINA DAM - PERIMETER JOINT
ANTAMINA DAM
PERIMETER JOINT
ANTAMINA DAM
ANTAMINA DAM - CONCRETE FACE SLIP FORM
ANTAMINA DAM
ANTAMINA DAM - PERIMETER JOINT
ANTAMINA DAM - JOINT - FLY ASH
PLACING
ANTAMINA DAM - VERTICAL JOINT
DETAIL
ANTAMINA DAM –
VERTICAL AND PERIMETER JOINTS
PESCADOR DAM - EXTERNAL SEAL
PESCADOR DAM - EXTERNAL SEAL
PESCADOR DAM - EXTERNAL SEAL
PESCADOR DAM - EXTERNAL SEAL
PESCADOR DAM
QUIEBRA QUEIXA DAM
QUIEBRA QUEIXA DAM
QUIEBRA QUEIXA DAM
QUIEBRA QUEIXA DAM
QUIEBRA QUEIXA DAM
QUIEBRA QUEIXA DAM - VERTICAL JOINT
SLAB BEHAVIOR AND FILL
MOVEMENTS
XINGO DAM - TYPICAL DAM SECTION

1.
1. Concrete
Concrete face
face 5.
5. Dike
Dike 9.
9. Upstream
Upstream Protection
Protection
2.
2. Zone
Zone II 6.
6. Zone
Zone IV
IV 10.
10. Construction
Construction Stage
Stage
3.
3. Zone
Zone IIII 7.
7. Zone
Zone VIII
VIII 11.
11. Gravel
Gravel Fill
Fill
4.
4. Zone
Zone III
III 8.
8. RCC
RCC Protection
Protection
XINGO DAM - LEAKAGE
XINGO DAM - CARCKS IN ZONE 1
XINGO DAM
SECTION – LEFT ABUTMENT
XINGO DAM
OBSERVED SLAB DEFLECTION SHORT AND LONG TERM BEHAVIOUR

(Penman 2000)
XINGO, FOZ DO AREIA AND ITA DAMS
FACE DEFLECTION

(Sobrinho et al 2000)
AGUAMILPA DAM
AGUAMILPA DAM
MAXIMUM SECTION AND MATERIAL GRADATIONS
AGUAMILPA DAM
AGUAMILPA DAM
AGUAMILPA DAM
AGUAMILPA DAM
AGUAMILPA DAM
AGUAMILPA DAM - CRACKS IN CONCRETE FACE
AGUAMILPA DAM - LEAKAGE VS. TIME
AGUAMILPA DAM - NORMAL FACE DISPLACEMENTS
TIANGSHENGQIAO 1 DAM - TYPICAL SECTION
TIANGSHENGQIAO 1 DAM - CONSTRUCTION STAGES
TIANGSHENGQIAO 1 DAM - HORIZONTAL JOINTS

Section B Section A Section C

TIANGSHENGQIAO 1 DAM
SLAB DEFLECTION AS INDICATED BY ELECTRO-LEVELS

(Penman 2000)
TIANGSHENGQIAO 1 DAM
CRACKS IN THE SUPPORT ZONE
ITA DAM
ITA DAM
ITA DAM
ITA DAM
ITA DAM
PLINTH LAYOUT
PERIMETRAL JOINT PROTECTION
WITH ZONE A - TYPICAL DETAIL
ANTAMINA DAM - PLINTH
ANTAMINA DAM - ANCHORS
ANTAMINA DAM - PLINTH
PLINTH DENTAL CONCRETE
PLINTH DENTAL CONCRETE
AGUAMILPA DAM – PLINTH EXCAVATION
AGUAMILPA DAM
AGUAMILPA DAM
AGUAMILPA DAM
EL CAJON DAM - PLINTH
YESA DAM
YESA DAM
YESA DAM
YESA DAM
YESA DAM
TOULNUSTOUC DAM - PLINTH EXCAVATION
 FOUNDATION
REQUIREMENTS
SALVAJINA DAM

F a c e S la b

P lin t h
R e s id u a l S o il
SALVAJINA DAM

O u te r In n e r O u te r
El 11 62 S la b s S la b s
S la b s

C u t O ff Tre n c h
C u t O ff Tre n c h

R e s id u a l
To e S la b
S o ils

El 10 14
SALVAJINA DAM
FOUNDATION CONDITIONS AND WIDTH OF PLINTH

Maximum As
Constructed
Acceptable Constructed
Foundation Conditions Width of
Hydraulic Hydraulic
Plinth, [m]
Gradient Gradient

Hard groutable
18 -- 4 to 8
rock

Competent
18 17.5 6 to 8
rock
Intensely fractured rock 9 6.2 15 to 23
Intensely weathered rock-
6 3.1 15 to 18
sedimentary

Intensely weathered rock-residual

6 1.3 13 to 14
soil from weathering of diorite
FOUNDATION CRITERIA FOR PLINTH WIDTH SELECTION
A B C D E F G H
I Non-erodable 1/18 >70 I to II 1 to 2 <1 1
II Slightly erodable 1/12 50-70 II to III 2 to 3 1 to 2 2
III Erodable 1/6 30-50 III to IV 3 to 5 2 to 4 3
IV Highly Erodable 1/3 0-30 IV to VI 5 to 6 >4 4

A = Foundation Type
B = Foundation Class
C = Minimum Ratio: Plinth Width/Depth of Water, full reservoir
D = Rock Quality Designation, RQD, in %
E = Weathering Degree: I equals sound rock; VI equals residual soil
F = Consistency Degree: 1 equals very hard rock; 6 equals friable rock
G = Weathered Macro Discontinuities per 10 m
H = Excavation Classes:
1 = requires blasting
2 = requires heavy rippers; some blasting
3 = can be excavated with light rippers
4 = can be excavated with dozer blade
PESCADOR DAM - FOUNDATION
PESCADOR DAM - FOUNDATION
PESCADOR DAM - FOUNDATION
SALVAJINA DAM
PLINTH – RIGHT ABUTMENT

C o n n e c tin g
P e rim e te r S la b S h o t c re t e
F a c e S la b J o in t
To e S la b

G ra v e l z o n e 2

R e s id u a l S o il
C o n c re te S a n d Zo n e 1

Foundation on Residual Soil

SALVAJINA DAM
PLINTH – RIGHT ABUTMENT

V e rtic a l
J o in t
P e rim e te r
J o in t A Tra n s v e rs e
J o in t
A s p h a ltic S a n d
B C u t - O ff
F a c e S la b
B S e c tio n B - B
Tra n s v e rs e
J o in t
C o n n e c t in g A
To e S la b
S la b s

Foundation on Residual Soil

SALVAJINA DAM
PLINTH – RIGHT ABUTMENT

0 m
To e S la b 8 .0

0 m Ro c k
8 .0

0 m
8 .0 A s p h a ltic S a n d
C u t O ff
S te e l
R e s id u a l
R e in fo rc e m e n t
S o il
Ro c k Section A-A

Foundation on Residual Soil

SALVAJINA DAM
SALVAJINA DAM
SALVAJINA DAM - DAM MATERIALS
SALVAJINA DAM - DAM MATERIALS
SALVAJINA DAM - ABUTMENT PROTECTION

C a u c a R iv e r
Zo n e 2 A Zo n e 2 F ilte r f o r
A b u tm e n t
P ro te c tio n
Zo n e 1 Zo n e 2

P la n V ie w a t E le v a t io n 1 0 9 0
SALVAJINA DAM - FILTERED FOUNDATION
SALVAJINA DAM
SALVAJINA DAM
SALVAJINA DAM
SANTA JUANA DAM - TYPICAL CROSS SECTION
SANTA JUANA DAM - UPSTREAM TOE ARRANGEMENT

11 Non
Non cohesive
cohesive fines
fines
2A
2A Filter
Filter 1<15”
1<15”
2B
2B Gravels
Gravels <3”
<3” with
with 4-12%
4-12% <#200;
<#200; Layer=
Layer= 0.40
0.40 m
2C
2C Gravels
Gravels <3”;
<3”; Layer= 0.40 m
3A
3A Gravels
Gravels <24”;
<24”; Layer=
Layer= 0.80 m
3B
3B Gravels,
Gravels, Rockfill
Rockfill <40”;
<40”; Layer=
Layer= 1.20
1.20 m
m (On
(On downstream
downstream sector)
sector)
SANTA JUANA DAM
SANTA JUANA DAM
SANTA JUANA DAM
SANTA JUANA DAM - PLINTH CROSS SECTION
PUCLARO DAM - PLINTH DETAIL
TYPICAL INTERNAL PLINTH CROSS SECTION
PESCADOR DAM - PLINTH EXCAVATION
PESCADOR DAM - INTERNAL PLINTH
PESCADOR DAM - PLINTH EXCAVATION
SLAB SUPPORT – SURFACE
TREATMENTS
OLD SUPPORT ZONE
OLD SUPPORT ZONE
PESCADOR DAM
PESCADOR DAM - SURFACE PROTECTION
PESCADOR DAM - SURFACE PROTECTION
PESCADOR DAM - SURFACE PROTECTION
SARA BRUT DAM - SURFACE TREATMENT
SALVAJINA DAM - EROSION OF THE
UPSTREAM FACE
SALVAJINA DAM - EROSION OF THE
UPSTREAM FACE
SALVAJINA DAM - EROSION OF THE
UPSTREAM FACE
SALVAJINA DAM
CONCRETE FACE - CURB CONCEPT

Concrete Face

Curb Zone 2B

Zone 2A
Plinth
ITA DAM - CURB DEVELOPMENT
ITA DAM
CURB DEVELOPMENT
ITA DAM
ITA DAM
ANTAMINA DAM - PROTECTION OF THE
UPSTREAM FACE
ANTAMINA DAM
ANTAMINA DAM
ANTAMINA DAM
MATERIALS
ANTAMINA DAM - MATERIALS
ANTAMINA DAM
MATERIALS
ANTAMINA DAM

PROTECTION OF THE
UPSTREAM FACE
ANTAMINA DAM -
MATERIALS
ANTAMINA DAM
MORTAR FOR COPPER WATER STOP PLACING
ANTAMINA DAM
ANTAMINA DAM
ANTAMINA DAM
ANTAMINA DAM
SLAB BUCKLING
ANTI BONDING AGENT BEING APPLIED
ANTAMINA DAM – UPSTREAM FACE –
FIRST FILLING
ANTAMINA DAM – UPSTREAM FACE –
FIRST FILLING
QUIEBRA QUEIXA DAM
QUIEBRA QUEIXA DAM - CURB FINISHING
QUIEBRA QUEIXA DAM – BOND BRAKER
EQUIPMENT TOO
ADVANCED
TOULNUSTOUC DAM - DIKE AND DAM
TOULNUSTOUC DAM - SOUTH DIKE
TOULNUSTOUC DAM - CURB MACHINE
TOULNUSTOUC DAM - CURB MACHINE
TOULNUSTOUC DAM –
CURB SOUTH DIKE
EROSION PLINTH CONTACT
TOULNUSTOUC DAM –
CURB FINISHING
TOULNUSTOUC DAM –
ELABORATE SLIP FORM
TOULNUSTOUC DAM –
ELABORATE SLIP FORM
TOULNUSTOUC DAM –
ELABORATE SLIP FORM
TOULNUSTOUC DAM - FACE DEFECTS
PESCADOR DAM - SLIP FORM
EL CAJON DAM
EL CAJON DAM - SLIP FORM
PESCADOR DAM - FOUNDATION
TOULNUSTOUC DAM
TOULNUSTOUC DAM –
MEMBRANE TEST
TOULNUSTOUC DAM - SPECIAL TEST
TOULNUSTOUC DAM - SPECIAL TEST
TOULNUSTOUC DAM
ICE DETAIL
TOULNUSTOUC DAM - ICE DETAIL
TOULNUSTOUC DAM
APRIL 2005 - BEHAVIOR AFTER 1ST WINTER
CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE

NEW DIVERSION SCHEMES

SOGAMOSO PROJECT - GENERAL VIEW

Diversion Tunnels Spillway

RCC protection

RCC Cofferdam Concrete Face

SOGAMOSO PROJECT –
DAM CONSTRUCTION STAGES

EL 330 7
6 EL 285

EL 250 5
4 3 4
EL 193
EL 170 2
1
SOGAMOSO PROJECT - DOWNSTREAM
PROTECTION

Anchor Bars

Zone 3B RCC Protection

Anchor Bars Weep holes

Vertical each 0,90 m m Each 5 m
Horizontal each ,30 m

Riverbed

Rock Anchor Bars

SOGAMOSO PROJECT –
CONCRETE FACE AND COFFERDAM

Concrete Face
Detail

Zone 1B
Zone 1A

Concrete Rockfill
Slab
RCC
SOGAMOSO PROJECT –
CONCRETE FACE

Grout Curtain
SOGAMOSO PROJECT
GEOTHECNICAL ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATION

Zone 2 Dam Crest

Natural Surface
Zone 1
Water Table

Min - Max

Zone 4
Zone 3

Zone 5
SOGAMOSO
SOGAMOSO PROJECT
PROJECT ––
FOUNDATION
FOUNDATION TREATMENT
TREATMENT

Natural Terrain

Cut-off walls
Construction
Galleries
Cofferdam Grout Curtain

Diversion tunnels

Deep Grout Curtain

SOGAMOSO
SOGAMOSO PROJECT
PROJECT ––
CONCRETE
CONCRETE FACE
FACE
WATER BARRIER USING COHESIONLESS FINES

8
1
9
3

2
4 7 6

1 Fine sand 6 Sand-asphalt pad

2 Filter material 7 Copper bottom waterstop
3 Filter material with 5% cement 8 Silty fill
4 Toe slab 9 Normal transition material
5 Face slab

(Pinto and Mori, 1988)

MAZAR DAM SITE (186 M)
MAZAR DAM - RIGTH ABUTMENT
MAZAR DAM - APRIL 2006
CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE

RECENT INCIDENTS
ANTAMINA DAM - CURB FAILURE
ANTAMINA DAM – CURB FAILURE
ANTAMINA DAM - CURB FAILURE
ANTAMINA DAM - CURB COMPRESSION
FAILURE
BARRA GRANDE DAM – LOCATION MAP

UHE
UHEBarra
BarraGrande
Grande
BARRA GRANDE DAM – JUNE 2003
BARRA GRANDE DAM – DECEMBER 2005
BARRA GRANDE DAM –
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
BARRA GRANDE DAM –
RATES OF FILL PLACEMENT

REALIZADO PLANEJADO CONTRATUAL

BARRA GRANDE DAM – SLABS ARRANGEMENT
BARRA GRANDE DAM – FACE SLABS
SECOND STAGE PLACEMENT
BARRA GRANDE DAM
CRACKING OF FACE SLAB
BARRA GRANDE DAM
CRACKING OF FACE SLAB
BARRA GRANDE DAM
SEQUENCE OF CRACKING AND LIFTING
BARRA GRANDE DAM

15 cm 8 cm 15 cm

RebarL20 Rebar L19

Master Top

Copper Joint Rubber Joint

L20 L19
BARRA GRANDE DAM
CAMPOS NOVOS DAM -
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

CREST LENGTH...............592,00m
MAX. HEIGHT...................202,00m
CAMPOS NOVOS DAM - UPSTREAM FACE
CAMPOS NOVOS DAM - DOWNSTREAM FACE
CAMPOS NOVOS DAM
SLAB CRACKING – 2ND MOVEMENT
CAMPOS NOVOS DAM
SLAB CRACKING – 2ND MOVEMENT
CAMPOS NOVOS DAM
CAMPOS NOVOS DAM - SLAB 17 REPAIR
CAMPOS NOVOS DAM - SLAB 17 REPAIR
CAMPOS NOVOS DAM
SLAB 16 REPAIR
CAMPOS NOVOS DAM
CAMPOS NOVOS DAM
CAMPOS NOVOS DAM
MOHALE DAM
MOHALE DAM
MOHALE DAM – SLAB CRACKING
EL CAJON DAM - MATERIALS
EL CAJON DAM –
SLAB SETTLEMENT MONITORING
EL CAJON DAM – SLAB
SETTLEMENT MONITORING
EL CAJON DAM –
SETTLEMENT MONITORING
EL CAJON DAM – SETTLEMENT
EL CAJON DAM –
MEASURED SETTLEMENT

40 cm
EL CAJON DAM
VERTICAL MOVEMENT AT THE END OF CONSTRUCTION (m)

1,78
0,09
CONCRETE FACE STRESS

During construction:
Tension - compression stresses at the plane of the
concrete face due to settlement of the rockfill. The
stresses are transmitted by friction.

During impounding:
Tension - compression stresses on the horizontal and
slope direction due to hydrostatic pressure over the
concrete face.
Bending stresses on the slope direction due to strains
from the hydrostatic pressure .
STRESS DISTRIBUTION ALONG THE
CONCRETE FACE

Tension zone

Compression zone
FRICTION AT THE CONCRETE FACE DUE
TO THE HYDROSTATIC LOAD
If the strain at the fill is greater than the strain at the concrete
face under the maximum friction load, the concrete slab takes
a load equivalent to the friction force and slip occur at the
contact surface between concrete and fill.

a d
Lo
t ati c
ros o rce
d f
Hy ti on
ri c
F
Concrete
Slab
Curb

Fill
CONCRETE COMPRESSION STRESES DUE TO FRICTION BETWEEN
CONCRETE SLAB AND CURB UNDER HYDROSTATIC LOAD

Compression Stress [MPa]

Hydrostatic Load [m]

f´c=21 MPa, E=17,7GPa, = 45°, Cohesión= 0,3 MPa

STRESS-STRAIN CURVE FOR CONCRETE
The strain at the slabs due to friction with the fill ( 0,00012) is considerably
lesser than the rupture strain of the concrete( 0,00200).
Stress [MPa]

Strain
 SPACING BETWEEN CENTRAL SLABS

In order to reduce the compression at the central slabs, it is

recommended to include a flexible material between joints to absorb
strains of 0,001. Anti-spolling reinforcement at the slab edges shall be
provided.
TRIDIMENSIONAL MODEL
BARRA GRANDE CFRD

Joints at Concrete Face

FE MODEL BARRA GRANDE CFRD

3D View, Plan View

Max. displacement
3.1 m

[m]

Barra Grande CFRD

Deformed Shape – Self weight Load
Max. Compressive
Stress= 35 MPa

MPa

Barra Grande CFRD

Max. Stress.– Self weight Load
Max. Displacement
1.0 m

[m]

Barra Grande CFRD

Deformed Shape – Hydrostatic Load
Max. Compressive
Stress= 6.5 MPa

MPa

Barra Grande CFRD

Max. Stress – Hydrostatic Load
CAMPOS NOVOS – MAX. FACE
DEFLECTION

H=202 m 1.3
1
 BARRA GRANDE – MAX. FACE
DEFLECTION

H=185 m 1.3
1
STRESS TRANSMITTED BY FRICTION
SPACING BETWEEN CENTRAL SLABS

In order to reduce the compression at the central slabs, it is

recommended to include a flexible material between joints to
absorb strains of 0,001. Anti-spalling reinforcement at the slab
edges shall be provided.