Batch 8 Kidney Stone - Updated - PPT
Batch 8 Kidney Stone - Updated - PPT
Batch 8 Kidney Stone - Updated - PPT
Project On
KIDNEY STONE DETECTION USING LEVEL SET
SEGMENTATION
Submitted by:
• The proposed work is used to detect the kidney stones by using Level Set
Segmentation.
• Computed Tomography(CT) scans are diagnostic tools used for many
purposes.
• Initially Input Images are pre-processed and the region of interest is
segmented.
• The pre-processing of the CT images is done.
• After pre-processing step the resulting image is segmented using Level Set
Segmentation Technique.
• Finally the segmented images are analyzed to detect the stone.
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PROBLEM DEFINITION
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OUTLINE
Introduction
Objective
Methodology
Database Collection
Pre-Processing
Clustering
Segmentation
Result
Conclusion
References
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INTRODUCTION
It reveals internal structure hidden by the skin and bones, as well as it diagnoses
and treat diseases
The wide varieties of medical imaging modalities are available to treat and
diagnose the disease. Here, we have considered the CT imaging.
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Kidney Stone
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OBJECTIVES
Collection of images
The pre-processing of data images
To find the most effective Image segmentation method
To select suitable methodology and algorithms to detect the presence of
stone
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LITERATURE SURVEY
Author Akkasaligar PT, Biradar S, Kumbar V
Title of the Paper Kidney stone detection in computed tomography
images
Year of Publication In Smart Technologies For Smart Nation
(SmartTechCon), 2017 International Conference On
2017 Aug 17 (pp. 353-356). IEEE.
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Author K.Viswanath, R. Gunasundari
Paper Theme In this paper the authors have proposed kidney stone
detection using semi-automatic segmentation approach
Paper Theme It uses image diagnosis for stone and its early
detection based on improved seeded region
growing based segmentation and
classification of kidney images with stone
sizes.
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Database Collection
First step involves the collection of database of the kidneys.
Ultrasound imaging uses high-frequency sound waves to view inside the body.
It can also show movement of the body's internal organs as well as blood
flowing through the blood vessels.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves
to produce detailed images of the inside of the body.
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In our method it involves the collection of Computed Tomographic (CT) images of
the kidney in the database.
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Pre-Processing
In order to improve the visual effects of the image for further image
recognition and for medical imaging purpose.
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.
Fig2: Cropped
Fig1: Input image image
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Clustering
There are two main approaches to clustering which are hard clustering and
soft clustering techniques.
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Fuzzy C-means clustering:
In case of soft clustering techniques, fuzzy sets are used to cluster data, so
that each point may belong to two or more clusters with different degrees of
membership
Nearer the data to the cluster center, more is the membership towards the
particular center.
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Algorithm
1 Set value for c, q and 𝜖.
2 initialize the fuzzy partition matrix 𝑈 = [𝑢𝑖𝑘 ]
3 Set the loop counter b = 0
𝑏
4 Calculate the c cluster centers {𝑣𝑖 }
with 𝑈 (𝑏) .
𝑏
(𝑏) σ𝑛
𝑘=1 𝑢𝑖𝑘 𝑥𝑘
𝑣𝑖 = (𝑏) ………..(1)
σ𝑛
𝑘=1(𝑢𝑖𝑘 )
5 Calculate the membership 𝑈 (𝑏+1) .For k=1 to n, compute the new membership value:
(a) If 𝐼𝑘 = ∅, then
(𝑏+1) 1
𝑢𝑖𝑘 = 2 …………(2)
𝑐 𝑑𝑖𝑘 (𝑞+1)
σ𝑗=1( )
𝑑𝑗𝑘
(𝑏+1) (𝑏+1)
(b) Else 𝑢𝑖𝑘 =0 for all 𝑖 ∈ 𝐼 and σ𝑖∈𝐼𝑘 𝑢𝑖𝑘 = 1; next k.
otherwise,
go to step 3.
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(1) set the number of clusters, fuzzy parameter (a constant> 1),
And the stopping condition
(5) For each object, for each cluster, compute the membership values in
the matrix
(6) If the value of J between consecutive iterations is less than the stopping
condition, then stop; otherwise, set k=k+1 and goto step 4
It gives the flexibility to express that data points can belong to more than
one cluster.
FCM gives best result for overlapped data set and comparatively better
then k-means algorithm.
Applications
Clustering algorithms can be applied in many fields, for instance:
Marketing: finding groups of customers with similar behavior given a large
database of customer data containing their properties and past buying
records;
Biology: classification of plants and animals given their features;
Libraries: book ordering;
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Fig: FCM
Output where
white sections
are the region of
interest.
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Extraction of Last Cluster
From the clusters, single cluster image is chosen depending on the area of renal stone
presence.
Here Fig 7. is the Extraction of Last Cluster while Fig 8. is the Masked output of this
image which enhances the region of interest.
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Segmentation
It assigns label to every pixel in image such that pixels with same label have same
characteristics.
Many of the PDEs used in image processing are based on moving curves and surfaces
with curvature-based velocities.
In this area, the level set method is very influential and useful.
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Level Set Segmentation
Level Set Method is one of the emerging image segmentation techniques for
medical image segmentation.
The level set method is a numerical technique for tracking interfaces and shapes.
The basic idea is to represent the curves or surfaces as the zero level set of a higher
This technique not only provides more accurate numerical implementations but also
handle topological change very easily.
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Cntd..
∅ 0, 𝑥, 𝑦 = ∅0 (𝑥, 𝑦)…………(2)
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Advantages
Applications
Combustion
Trajectory planning
Optimization
Image processing
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Detection
In MATLAB we have a function “regionprops“ which is used to measure the
properties of objects in the image.
The specific properties that are important in the object for our concern are the area
and also the centroid of the object.
Next, based on the threshold value we select the smallest object and tag it’s centroid
with red marks
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FUTURE SCOPE
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REFERENCES
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T.anzila Rahman, Mohammad Shorif Uddin, "Speckle Noise Reduction and
Segmentation of Kidney Regions from Ultrasound Image", 978-14799-
0400-6113, 2013 IEEE.
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