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    Fluid Flow in Porous Media

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    PaoLo Asequia
    This document defines key concepts related to fluid flow through porous media, including: porous media, interstitial velocity, porosity, pressure drop, and flow regimes. It describes how modified Reynolds number and Darcy's law are used to characterize flow regimes and velocity. Empirical correlations like Kozeny-Carman, Carman, and Ergun relate pressure drop and friction factor to flow properties under different flow conditions. Conversions between mass and volume concentrations can be made using fluid and solid densities.

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    Fluid Flow in Porous Media

    Uploaded by

    PaoLo Asequia
    273 views19 pages
    This document defines key concepts related to fluid flow through porous media, including: porous media, interstitial velocity, porosity, pressure drop, and flow regimes. It describes how modified Reynolds number and Darcy's law are used to characterize flow regimes and velocity. Empirical correlations like Kozeny-Carman, Carman, and Ergun relate pressure drop and friction factor to flow properties under different flow conditions. Conversions between mass and volume concentrations can be made using fluid and solid densities.

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    Fluid flow in porous media

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    This document defines key concepts related to fluid flow through porous media, including: porous media, interstitial velocity, porosity, pressure drop, and flow regimes. It describes how modified Reynolds number and Darcy's law are used to characterize flow regimes and velocity. Empirical correlations like Kozeny-Carman, Carman, and Ergun relate pressure drop and friction factor to flow properties under different flow conditions. Conversions between mass and volume concentrations can be made using fluid and solid densities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    273 views19 pages

    Fluid Flow in Porous Media

    Uploaded by

    PaoLo Asequia
    This document defines key concepts related to fluid flow through porous media, including: porous media, interstitial velocity, porosity, pressure drop, and flow regimes. It describes how modified Reynolds number and Darcy's law are used to characterize flow regimes and velocity. Empirical correlations like Kozeny-Carman, Carman, and Ergun relate pressure drop and friction factor to flow properties under different flow conditions. Conversions between mass and volume concentrations can be made using fluid and solid densities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    At a glance
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    The key takeaways from the document are the definitions of terms related to fluid flow through porous media, the different flow regimes, Darcy's law and the Kozeny-Carman equation governing laminar flow, and the Carman and Ergun correlations used for turbulent flow conditions.

    The different flow regimes in porous media are determined by the modified Reynolds number and depend on whether it is less than or greater than 2, indicating laminar or turbulent flow respectively.

    Under laminar flow conditions (modified Reynolds number less than 2), Darcy's law governs fluid flow through porous media. It states that flow is proportional to the pressure drop and inversely proportional to viscosity. The permeability can be calculated using the Kozeny-Carman equation.

    FLUID FLOW IN POROUS

    MEDIA
    Christian Paolo S. Asequia
    November 12, 2015

    Flow of Discussion
    Definitions
    Flow

    Regime
    Darcys Law and Kozeny-Carman
    Equations
    Carman and Ergun Correlations
    Concentrations by mass and volume
    Summary

    A porous
    mediumor
    is a
    material
    Definitions
    Voidage
    Bed
    containing pores (voids) typically
    Interstitial
    Velocity,
    U, is
    porosity
    is
    the
    void
    filled with a fluid.
    the
    velocity
    obtained
    by
    Pressure
    drop
    is
    defined
    as
    the
    fraction
    expressed
    as
    Porous
    Medium
    Fluid
    flow
    through
    a
    Superficial
    velocity,
    U
    ,
    difference
    in
    pressure
    between
    flow
    through
    the
    column
    o
    Fluid
    Flow through
    a porous
    medium
    volume
    of
    solids
    in
    bed
    two
    points
    in
    a
    fluid
    carrying
    medium
    describes
    the
    the
    between
    particles.
    It
    is
    Superficial
    Velocity
    is
    the
    velocity
    in
    which
    divided
    by
    the
    total
    bed
    network.
    The
    resistance
    of
    fluid
    Interstitial
    manner
    in
    which
    the
    Velocity
    related
    to
    the
    Superficial
    the
    medium
    is
    assumed
    flow
    gives
    rise
    to
    the
    PRESSURE
    volume.
    Porosity/Voidage
    fluid
    that
    flows
    in
    a
    Velocity
    through
    the
    void
    DROP
    (P)
    in
    the
    fluid.
    empty.
    Pressure Drop
    / Pressure Difference
    fraction.
    media
    behaves.

    Definitions

    Flow Regimes
    Reynolds

    Modified

    Number

    Reynolds Number

    Flow Regimes
    Modified

    Reynolds Number
    Used to determine the flow regime of
    the fluid within the porous medium.
    Interstitial velocity is considered. Hence
    velocity is U which can be related to
    superficial through the void fraction.
    Characteristic linear dimension was
    deduced by Kozeny and is the volume
    open to the fluid flow divided by the
    surface area over which it must flow.

    Flow Regimes
    Modified

    Reynolds Number
    Conventionally applied threshold to
    indicate significant turbulence is 2.
    Density term is the fluid density
    Sv = 6/x (for a single spherical
    particle)
    specific surface area per unit
    volume

    Darcys Law and


    the Kozeny-Carman Equation
    Darcys

    Law
    Darcys Law states that the flow is
    The basic law governing the flow
    proportional to the pressure drop and
    of fluids through porous media.
    inversely proportional to viscosity.
    Formulated by Henry Darcy on
    the basis of his experiments on
    vertical water filtration through
    sand beds.

    Darcys Law and


    the Kozeny-Carman Equation
    Kozeny-Carman

    Equation:

    In terms of particle size:

    Equation is derived from the hagenpoiseuille equation for a laminar flow of a fluid in

    xSv is the Sauter mean


    awhere
    circular channel.
    Only applies
    laminar
    flows for
    porous medium
    diameter
    for to
    the
    particle
    distribution.
    (<2)

    where K, is Kozeny constant, has a value


    close to 5 however, it is not universally true.

    Friction Factor
    Friction

    Factor, f

    Defined as the drag force per wetted


    surface unit area divided by the product of
    density and velocity head.

    Analogy of friction factor to cover


    flow regions in porous media was
    deduced by Carman.

    Friction Factor

    Friction Factor
    Force

    Balance

    at

    the

    particle

    surface:
    Let R = shear stress or drag force per unit area
    DragForce = R*particle surface area
    surface area of particle = Sv *(1-)*L*A
    Pressure Drop on fluid = P
    Force by fluid = P*A*
    Combining:

    Friction Factor
    Rearranging

    Expanding

    The

    the previous equation;

    into friction factor

    pressure drop per unit length is:

    Carman and Ergun


    Correlations
    Carman

    Correlation is generally
    used for solid objects forming a bed:

    Ergun

    Correlation is used for


    hollow objects such as packing rings:

    Concentrations by mass and


    volume
    If

    a
    sample
    resulted
    in
    a
    concentration by mass, Cw and the
    total mass is M, then the volumes
    can be calculated if the densities of
    the solid and fluid are known
    through the equation:

    Concentrations by mass and


    volume
    Dividing

    the previous equation by


    the volume of solids gives rise to the
    equation:

    SUMMARY
    Under

    laminar flow (NRe1 < 2)

    Where K is the Kozeny constant.

    Modified

    Reynolds Number:

    SUMMARY
    For

    turbulent flow, (NRe1 > 2)

    Carman Correlation ( Solids forming a

    bed)

    Ergun Correlation (Hollow Solids)

    Example Problem

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