Lesson 4:

STATES,
NATIONS, AND
GLOBALIZATION
Prepared by:
John Paul B. Mangalus
Learning Competencies

1. Define nation and state

2. Differentiate nation from state
3. Explain meanings of globalization
4. Evaluate how globalization influences
nation-states

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 “
“All human beings are
born free and equal in
dignity and rights. They
are endowed with reason
and conscience and should
act towards one another
in a spirit of brotherhood”

-United Nations Charter 1945

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Motivational Activity

Analyze the Picture…

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Concept of
STATE
State
➢ taken from the Latin, ‘stare’ (to stand), a
state is a political community that occupies
a definite territory; having an organized
government with the authority to make
and enforce laws without the consent of a
higher authority.
➢ It is also defined as a self-governing
political entity.

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 State
1. People - also known as population or
inhabitants
2. Territory - refers to the portion of the
earth which composed of aerial (air space
above), fluvial (waters around and
connecting the islands of the archipelago)
and the terrestrial (landmass) domains.

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 State
1. People
2. Territory
3. Sovereignty
4. Government

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 Maritime Terms (UNCLOS)
1. Territorial Sea
➢ The area which extends up to 12 nautical miles
from the baseline of a country’s coastal state
➢ Coastal states have sovereignty, including
exclusive fishing rights
➢ However, foreign ships (both merchant and
military) ships are allowed passage through it

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 Maritime Terms (UNCLOS)
2. Contiguous Zone
➢ The belt which extends 12 nautical miles
beyond the territorial sea limit
➢ Coastal state can enforce its customs,
immigration, and sanitation laws and exercise
“hot pursuit” out of its territorial waters

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 Maritime Terms (UNCLOS)
3. Exclusive Economic Zone
➢ A belt of water which extends up to 200
nautical miles from the baseline of the coastal
state
➢ Provides the coastal state control over all
economic resources such as fishing, mining,
oil exploration, and marine research

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 Maritime Terms (UNCLOS)
4. Continental Shelf
➢ Underwater landmass which extends from a
continent resulting in an area of relatively
shallow water known as shelf sea.

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 Maritime Terms (UNCLOS)
5. High Seas
➢ Are open to all states for freedom of
navigation, freedom of over flight, freedom to
construct artificial islands installation,
freedom of fishing, and freedom of scientific
research

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 State
3. Sovereignty – Refers to supreme and
absolute power within a state’s territorial
boundaries
Two Types of Sovereignty
￫ Internal is the power of the state to rule
within its territory
￫ External is the freedom of the state to
carry out its activities without
subjection to or control by other states
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 State
4. Government – refers to the institution or
agency or instrumentalities through
which the state maintains social order,
provide public services, and enforces
binding decisions.

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Forms of
GOVERNMEN
T
According to Distribution of
Power, Citizen Participation,
and Legitimacy

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According to Distribution of Power
A. Unitary Government - power is held by
one central authority.
Example: Denmark, Italy, Finland Peru

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 According to Distribution of Power
B. Confederation - a voluntary association of
independent states that often only delegate a
few powers to the central government
￫ Weak or loose organization of states agrees
to follow a powerful central government.
￫ Examples: The Commonwealth of
Independent States (CIS) formerly known as
the Soviet Union, Switzerland’s canton
system.
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 According to Distribution of Power
C. Federal Government - power is divided
between one central and several regional
authorities
￫ Example: Malaysia, USA, Nigeria, Australia

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 According to Citizen Participation
A. Autocracy - Form of government wherein one
person possesses unlimited power. The citizen
has limited, if any, role in government. The
leader is from a family or from a social class or
from a strong party.
￫ In addition, Monarchy is when supreme
power is lodged in the hands of a monarch
who reigns over a state or territory, usually
for life and by hereditary right
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 Forms of Autocratic Government
A. Absolute or Totalitarian Dictatorship - The
ideas of a single leader glorified. Government
tries to control all aspects of social and
economic life.
￫ Moreover, the government is not
responsible to the people. Thus, the people
lack the power to limit their rulers.
￫ Examples: Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini,
Joseph Stalin.
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 According to Citizen Participation
B. Oligarchy - It is the government by the few.
￫ Sometimes a small group exercises control,
especially for corrupt and selfish purposes.
￫ The group gets its power from military
power, social power, wealth, religion or a
combination.
￫ In here, the citizen has a very limited role.
Thus, political opposition is usually
suppressed – sometimes violently.
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 According to Citizen Participation
C. Democracy - It is a government based on the
consent of the governed.
￫ Citizens have freedom to criticize their
leaders because they are the one who
elected them in the position.
￫ People have high a degree of participation
in every government processes

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 Two forms of Democracy
A. Indirect or Representative Democracy
➢ is a form of democratic government wherein
the people directly elect their leaders who will
govern them and perform governmental
functions
B. Direct Democracy
➢ is a form of government wherein the people
will convene in a mass assembly and directly
formulate an expressed the will of the state
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 Based on Legitimacy
A. De Jure - it is a form of government wherein it
has the peoples support and possess
constitutional mandate. Therefore, it is a
legitimate government.
B. De Facto - It is a form of government
supported by the people but no constitutional
mandate or legal support.

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Executive and Legislative Relationship
Presidential – a form of government in which
executive branch exists separately from the
legislature.
￫ The president is constitutionally
independent from the legislature because
they are elected directly by the people

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Executive and Legislative Relationship
Parliamentary – a form of government in which
members of an executive branch
￫ The cabinet and its leader - a prime minister
are nominated to their positions by a
legislature or parliament, and are directly
responsible to it

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Characteristics of an Independent State
1. Has space or territory which has
internationally recognized boundaries.
2. Has people who live there on an ongoing basis
3. Has economic activity and an organized
economy (a country regulates foreign trade
and domestic trade and issues money)
4. Has the power of social engineering, such as
education

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Characteristics of an Independent State
5. Has a transportation system for moving goods
or services.
6. Has a government which provided public
services and police power.
7. Has sovereignty (no other state should have
the power over the country’s territory)
8. Has external recognition (a country has been
“voted into the club” by other countries)

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Inherent Powers of a State
1. Police Power – power to regulate freedoms and
property rights of individuals
2. Eminent Domain – Power to take private
property for public use upon payment of just
compensation
3. Taxation – Power to impose tax on individuals
and properties

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Concept of
NATION
Nation
➢ Is the social construction of a collective identity
➢ A group of people who share the same territory,
geography, language, customs and sometimes
religion

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Nation-State
➢ Defined by UNESCO as one where the great
majority are conscious of a common identity
and share the same culture
➢ An area where the cultural boundaries match
up with the political boundaries
➢ The ideal is that the state incorporates people
of a single ethnic stock and cultural traditions

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Nation-State
➢ Defined borders and territories
➢ Same type of people exist
➢ Organized by race or background
➢ Generally speaks one language

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Nation-State
➢ Nation-State would exist if nearly all the
members of a single nation were organized in a
single state, without any other national
communities being present
➢ Although the term is widely used, no such
entities exist

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Distinction between the State and Nation
Nation State
➢ Modern phenomenon ➢ Existed in the ancient period
➢ People continue as a nation ➢ Must be sovereign
even if they do not remain
sovereign
➢ people who feel bound into a ➢ People organized for law within
single body by shared culture, a definite territory
values, folkways, religion
and/or language
➢ Racial, cultural, ethnic, ➢ Legal, political, functional
psychological concept concept

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 Concept of
GLOBALIZATION
Globalization
➢ also known as global industrialism is a process
of forging international political, economic,
religious, and socio-cultural interconnections
➢ The growing interdependence of the world's
economies, cultures, and populations, brought
about by cross-border trade in goods and
services, technology, and flows of investment,
people, and information

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 IN TWO OR THREE COLUMNS

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of gold, Is the colour of the clear Is the color of blood, and
butter and ripe lemons. sky and the deep sea. It because of this it has
In the spectrum of is located between violet historically been
visible light, yellow is and green on the optical associated with sacrifice,
found between green spectrum. danger and courage.
and orange.

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48
 USE DIAGRAMS TO EXPLAIN YOUR IDEAS

Lorem Ipsum

Lorem Ipsum Lorem Ipsum

Lorem Ipsum Lorem Ipsum Lorem Ipsum Lorem Ipsum

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 AND TABLES TO COMPARE DATA

A B C

Yellow 10 20 7

Blue 30 15 10

Orange 5 24 16

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 MAPS

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office

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185,244 users
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 LET’S REVIEW SOME CONCEPTS

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of gold, butter and Is the colour of the clear sky and Is the color of blood, and because
ripe lemons. In the spectrum of the deep sea. It is located of this it has historically been
visible light, yellow is found between violet and green on the associated with sacrifice, danger
between green and orange. optical spectrum. and courage.

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of gold, butter and Is the colour of the clear sky and Is the color of blood, and because
ripe lemons. In the spectrum of the deep sea. It is located of this it has historically been
visible light, yellow is found between violet and green on the associated with sacrifice, danger
between green and orange. optical spectrum. and courage.

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You can insert graphs from Google Sheets

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 Show and explain your
MOBILE Place your screenshot here
web, app or software
projects using these
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57
 Show and explain your
TABLET Place your screenshot here
web, app or software
projects using these
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 Show and explain your
DESKTOP Place your screenshot here
web, app or software
projects using these
PROJECT gadget templates.

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 THANKS!
Any questions?
You can find me at @username & [email protected]

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 CREDITS

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➢ Maps in slides 2, 6 and 9 from David Rumsey Map
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➢ Photographs by Unsplash

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