2 - Bryophyta 17 Ok
2 - Bryophyta 17 Ok
2 - Bryophyta 17 Ok
Dwi Setyati
2017
Mosses in Olympic National Park, WA.
Fuad Bahrul Ulum, S.Si, M.Sc
Terminologi
2. Tidak mempunyai jar. vaskuler dan jar. berlignin. Akibatnya, tumbuhan ini tumbuh
menempel pada habitatnya dan absorbsi air melalui kapilaritas.
3. Gametofit mendominasi siklus hidup. Gamet terbentuk melalui mitosis dalam gametangia
multiseluler yang disebut anteridia (♂) dan arkegonia (♀).
• Tiap arkegonium berbentuk botol menghasilkan satu sel telur.
• Tiap anteridium seperti kantong menghasilkan banyak sperma.
• Gametangia dilindungi selubung sel steril
4. Sporofit hidupnya sering singkat dan tidak bercabang serta
menghasilkan sporangium terminal. Walaupun fotosintetik, untuk
sebagian besar hidup sporofit secara permanen atau sebagian
menempel dan tergantung gametofit.
Archegonia,
with egg
Antheridia
Antheridia (LS)
Ø Sex organs are more complex than
thallophytes (algae, fungi and lichens)
Ø Male sex organ is called antheridia
Ø Antheridia are stalked and globose
Ø They have one cell thick sterile jacket
around it for protection
Ø Jacket surrounds a solid mass of fertile cells
called antherocytes
Ø Antherocytes metamorphose into
antherozoids
Ø Antherozoids
are bi-flagellate and thus they are motile (can
swim in water)
Archegonia (LS)
Ø Female sex organ is called
archegonia
Ø Archegonia is a flask shaped
structure
Ø Archegonia have basal swollen
venter and an elongated upper part
called neck
Ø The ventre and neck are
surrounded by one layer thick sterile
jacket cells
Ø Four to six neck canals cells and
one venter canal cell is present
Fertilization in bryophytes
Ø Water is necessary for fertilization
Ø When antheridia matures, their sterile jacket disintegrate and liberate the motile
anthropoids to the surrounding thin film of water
Ø When archegonia matures, the neck canal cells and venter canal cell disintegrate and
forms a mucilage mass
Ø The cover cells of the archegonia opens and the mucilage ooze out through the pore
into the thin film of water
Ø Antherozoids are attracted by chemicals present in the mucilage and move towards it
by chemotaxis through the thin film of water
Ø Antherozoids enters into the archegonium through neck and venter
Ø Antherozoids fuse with egg to from a diploid zygote
• Autotrophic
• Gametophore most important for energy capture
• [In mosses and hornworts some photosynthesis in sporophyte]
Calyptra Zygote
Spore Capsule 4 3
mother cells that Sporophyte
undergo meiosis
Embryo
Gametophyte
plant
Fuad Bahrul Ulum, S.Si, M.Sc
Fig. 22-7, p. 437
Liverwort Gametangia and Sporophyte
Gametophyte thallus
Seta
Capsule
Sporophyte
Gametophyte with
embedded archegonia
and antheridia
Fuad Bahrul Ulum, S.Si, M.Sc
Fig. 22-11b, p. 441
Fuad Bahrul Ulum, S.Si, M.Sc
Next: Embryologi BRYOPHYTA