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    Engineering Lesson Guide 4: Pumps, Valves, and Fans

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    Nader Ragab Ammar
    This document provides an overview of valves, pumps, and fans used in engineering. It describes common types of valves such as globe valves, gate valves, needle valves, ball valves, and lift check valves. It also discusses why relief valves are used and different valve operating devices. The document then explains key pump terms like volumetric flow rate, pump head, and pressure head. It discusses net positive suction head and cavitation in pumps. Finally, it provides examples of positive displacement pumps and centrifugal pumps, describing how their characteristics vary with speed.

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    Engineering Lesson Guide 4: Pumps, Valves, and Fans

    Uploaded by

    Nader Ragab Ammar
    36 views34 pages
    This document provides an overview of valves, pumps, and fans used in engineering. It describes common types of valves such as globe valves, gate valves, needle valves, ball valves, and lift check valves. It also discusses why relief valves are used and different valve operating devices. The document then explains key pump terms like volumetric flow rate, pump head, and pressure head. It discusses net positive suction head and cavitation in pumps. Finally, it provides examples of positive displacement pumps and centrifugal pumps, describing how their characteristics vary with speed.

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    Pumps Valves Fans

    Original Title

    Pumps Valves Fans

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    This document provides an overview of valves, pumps, and fans used in engineering. It describes common types of valves such as globe valves, gate valves, needle valves, ball valves, and lift check valves. It also discusses why relief valves are used and different valve operating devices. The document then explains key pump terms like volumetric flow rate, pump head, and pressure head. It discusses net positive suction head and cavitation in pumps. Finally, it provides examples of positive displacement pumps and centrifugal pumps, describing how their characteristics vary with speed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    36 views34 pages

    Engineering Lesson Guide 4: Pumps, Valves, and Fans

    Uploaded by

    Nader Ragab Ammar
    This document provides an overview of valves, pumps, and fans used in engineering. It describes common types of valves such as globe valves, gate valves, needle valves, ball valves, and lift check valves. It also discusses why relief valves are used and different valve operating devices. The document then explains key pump terms like volumetric flow rate, pump head, and pressure head. It discusses net positive suction head and cavitation in pumps. Finally, it provides examples of positive displacement pumps and centrifugal pumps, describing how their characteristics vary with speed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 34

    ENGINEERING LESSON

    GUIDE 4
    PUMPS, VALVES, AND FANS
    VALVES
    Globe
    Valve
    Gate
    Valve
    Needle
    Valve
    Ball Valve
    Lift Check
    Valve
    WHY RELIEF VALVES?
    VALVE OPERATING
    DEVICES
     Manual
     Hydraulic
     Motor (electric or air operated)
     Solenoid
    VALVES
     Remote operating gear: allows the
    operation from distant stations. Types:
    – mechanical: uses reach rods and gears.
    • ex: valves out of ‘reach’ due to distance or
    density.
    – hydraulic: uses fluid and piston set up.
    • ex: high-speed, large valves such as Main
    Steam Stops.
    VALVES
    – motor: uses an electric or pneumatic motor.
    • ex: Feed Control (throttle) Valves use electric
    motor.
    – solenoid: uses coil and core mechanism to
    open or close on an electric signal from
    remote location.
    PUMPS
    PUMPS
     Defn: device which utilizes an external
    source of power to apply a force to a
    fluid to move the fluid from one place to
    another. In thermo. language, it
    transfers one source of energy into
    mechanical energy which is transferred
    to the fluid.
    PUMP TERMS
     Volumetric Flow Rate
     Pump Head
     Pressure Head
     Static Pressure
    PUMPS
     Net Positive Suction Head: that
    pressure required at the suction of a
    pump to prevent cavitation.
    – cavitation: the formation of bubbles due to
    area where P < PSAT, and the subsequent
    collapse upon migration to a high-press.
    area.
    • causes noise and damage due to erosion and
    fatigue failure.
    PUMPS
    – Need enough pressure on the suction side
    s.t. the pump does not reduce press @ the
    eye to cause P < Psat. If P < Psat, water
    flashes to vapor causing damage to the
    pump.

    pump
    BERNOULLI’S THEOREM
    Z1 + P1/D + 1/2(V12/g) =Z2 +P2/D + 1/2(V22/g)
    + gc/g(wk) + HL
    Where: wk: work (ft-lbs)
    Z : Elevation (ft) HL: Head Loss
    P : Pressure (lbs/ft2) = f(L/D)(V2/2Zg)
    D : Density (lb/ft3) where
    V : Velocity (ft/sec) f : friction factor
    g : acceleration L: Length
    (32.2 ft/sec2) D: Diameter
    POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
    PUMP
     Fixed Volume
     Volumetric Flow rate is proportional to
    speed
     A relief valve will always be on the
    discharge end of the pump
    E
    X
    A
    M
    P
    L
    E
    S
    Reciprocat ing Pump
    Charact erist ic Curve
    N1 N2

    PRESSU RE H EAD
    ( H p = ft lbf/ lbm)

    CAPACI TY
    ( V = GPM )
    Act ual
    I deal
    NON-POSITIVE
    DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

    •Uses throwing force of impeller


    •Partial conversion of velocity head
    to pressure head
    •Volume output depends on
    discharge pressure
    . Where
    V  N V = volumetric flow rate
    N = Speed of rotation
    Hp  N 2 H p= Pump H ead ( discharge pressure
    Pw  N 3 Pw= Power required ( prime mover)

    N2 = 2N1

    N2

    Pressure
    H ead

    HP =
    ( ft lbf) / lbm N1

    .
    V = GPM

    Characteristic curve for centrifugal pump


    PUMPS
    – Centrifugal:
    • Parallel pumps:

    V2 = 2V1
    HP 2 pumps
    HP2 = HP1
    1 pump

    GPM
    V
    PUMPS
    • Series (called staging):

    2 pumps
    HP2 = _______
    HP
    V2 = _______
    1 pump

    GPM
    V
    QUESTIONS?

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