Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering 1

HISTORY
DEFINITION
IMPORTANCE AND PROBLEMS

QUALITIES AND QUALIFICATIONS
ROLES
SALARY
HISTORY
• If the word hydraulics is understood to mean the use of water for the benefit
of mankind, then its practice must be considered to be even older than
recorded history itself. Water resources engineering has evolved over the
past 9000 to 10,000 years as humans have developed the knowledge and
techniques for building hydraulic structures to convey and store water.
• Traces of irrigation canals from prehistoric times still exist in Egypt and
Mesopotamia; the Nile is known to have been dammed at Memphis some
6,000 years ago to provide the necessary water supply, and the Euphrates
River was diverted into the Tigris even earlier for the same purpose.
HISTORY
• Ancient wells still in existence reach to surprisingly great depths; and

underground aqueducts were bored considerable distances, even through
bedrock.
• In what is now Pakistan, houses were provided with ceramic conduits for
water supply and drainage some 5,000 years ago; and legend tells of vast
flood-control projects in China barely a millennium later.
• All of this clearly demonstrates that men must have begun to deal with the
flow of water countless millennia before these times
TRIVIA
In the late nineteenth century, civil engineer Otto Intze

started the long tradition of engineering at RWTH Aachen
University—at that time still called the First Prussian Institute
of Technology: With his first lectures in hydraulic engineering,
Intze prepared the ground for fundamental and applied
research in the field of water engineering, flood control and
dam construction in Aachen. The name of the Institute of
Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management
(IWW) and its professoriate changed in the following decades,
but the research focus was always kept.
DEFINITION
• Develop new equipment and systems for water resource management

facilities across the United States. The systems that Water Resource
Engineers create ensure that citizens are provided with a continuous
supply of clean, uncontaminated water for drinking, living, and
recreational purposes.
• Water Resource Engineers not only design these water management

systems, but often oversee the construction and maintenance of these
systems as well. An increasing population and continuous need for more
water stimulates this fast-growing industry.
RESPONSIBILITIES
• producing designs, both initial outlines and full plans, of sewerage, water
treatment and flood defence structures such as pump systems and pipe
networks
• managing and maintaining water and sewerage infrastructure operations
• presenting project details and technical information to colleagues and clients
• writing reports
• managing project budgets

RESPONSIBILITIES
• keeping up to date with changes in regulatory legislation and guidelines
• monitoring flood levels
• writing and advertising tender documents and managing contracts
• liaising with clients, contractors, government agencies, local authorities and

suppliers
• supervising staff and site workers

RESPONSIBILITIES
• supervising staff and site workers
• ensuring that projects keep to budgets and timescales
• maintaining an awareness of current environmental issues.

APPLICATION
Applications include the management of

the urban water supply, the design of
urban storm-sewer systems, and flood
forecasting.
APPLICATION
1. Management of the Urban Water Supply

The aim of urban water management is to create cities and towns that are resilient,
livable, productive and sustainable. They interact with the urban hydrological cycle in
ways that:
• provide water security through efficient use of the diverse water sources available
• protect and restore the health of waterways and wetlands

APPLICATION
• mitigate flood risk and damage
• create public and private places that harvest, clean and recycle water, resulting in
water resource, environmental and social livability benefits.
• provide water for productive, sustainable, livable and resilient communities.

TRIVIA
Climate Change Significantly Affects The Water Cycle
We have all learned this from our Earth Science classes. Water goes
through a complicated process called the water cycle. As we all know by
now, man did not create water. It is stored on the planet and is just being
used and reused by every living thing.
Climate change affects the first part of the cycle which is the
evaporation stage. Put simply, the now warmer air temperature causes
more water to evaporate. With more vapor in the air, there will be more
intense rainstorms. What comes next is great flooding in the cities and
the whole country.
APPLICATION
2. Design of urban storm-sewer systems
• The storm sewer is a system designed to carry rainfall runoff and other drainage.
It is not designed to carry sewage or accept hazardous wastes. The runoff is
carried in underground pipes or open ditches and discharges untreated into
local streams, rivers and other surface water bodies.
• Storm drain inlets are typically found in curbs and low-lying outdoor areas.
Some older buildings have basement floor drains that connect to the storm
sewer system.
APPLICATION
3. Flood forecasting
• Flood forecasting can be defined as a process of estimating and

predicting the magnitude, timing and duration of flooding based on
known characteristics of a river basin, with the aim to prevent damages
to human life, to properties, and to the environment.
TRIVIA
The Water Treatment Process Is Not As Easy As It Seems
We all obtain even our drinking water needs from the nearby oceans,
rivers, and other available bodies of water. Generally, when raw and fresh,
these are not safe for drinking. Our flowing water, before reaching our
homes, undergoes another process called the water treatment.
QUALIFICATIONS
The minimum requirement for most positions in water resource

engineering is a bachelor's degree, usually in civil engineering.
Some states require that a successful candidate also pass a
written test to be licensed for public engineering. Education
beyond the bachelor level, such as a master's degree, will give
candidates an edge over other applicants.
QUALITIES
• Excellent analytical skills

• Teamworking skills
• Problem-solving skill
• Good time management
• IT skills
• Communication skills
• The ability to demonstrate a genuine knowledge and interest of the water industry
and environmental issues.
ROLES
• Water Resource Engineers spend most of their time in an office looking

over data and designing new water resource management systems.
However, part of the work day may be spent at construction sites, allowing
the Engineer to oversee the construction of their designs.
• They may also find themselves in more industrial environments when

supervising maintenance on advanced equipment. Some Water Resource
Engineers choose to travel abroad to participate in large engineering
projects.
ROLES
• Most Water Resource Engineers work full-time, with many

putting in more than 40 hours a week. This extra time
allows them to properly oversee projects and assure that
everything is running smoothly.
PROBLEM
Not gaining access to enough clean

water is one of biggest risk factors
facing engineers.
PROBLEM
As a recent U.N. report warns:

“Overcoming the crisis in water
and sanitation is one of the greatest
human development challenges of
the early 21st century.”
PROBLEM
98% of water on this planet is seawater

And therefore, too saline to use. The remaining 2% of water is fresh but 1.6%
is trapped in polar ice caps and glaciers. Leaving just 0.4% available to us.
This 0.4% of useable water is found in rivers, underground, in vapour and
locked within cell structures of plants.Water pumps aren’t sustainable
TRIVIA
Small Rivers And Lakes Are Disappearing Entirely Due To Increased Water
Demand
Excessive water withdrawal is a cited reason why our small bodies of water
are “drying up.” Lack of proper management of water and control will lead to
this. The authorities may already be taking steps against its causes, but
decreasing unnecessary water use at home is still our major responsibility.
The demand for water is getting higher now that the population is also rising,
amidst all these facts. Extensive research in hydrology may seem to be the
answer, but each one of us has a significant contribution. That is evident through
water conservation.
SALARY
Water Resource Engineers make an average of $79,340 a

year. The lowest 10% make around $51,280, while the
highest 10% earned around $122,020. Many Water
Resource Engineers work for the government at the federal,
state, and local levels, while others work at engineering
firms and nonresidential construction companies.

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HISTORY

IMPORTANCE AND PROBLEMS

• Ancient wells still in existence reach to surprisingly great depths; and

In the late nineteenth century, civil engineer Otto Intze

• Develop new equipment and systems for water resource management

• Water Resource Engineers not only design these water management

• presenting project details and technical information to colleagues and clients

• managing project budgets

• keeping up to date with changes in regulatory legislation and guidelines

• monitoring flood levels

• writing and advertising tender documents and managing contracts

• liaising with clients, contractors, government agencies, local authorities and

• supervising staff and site workers

• supervising staff and site workers

• ensuring that projects keep to budgets and timescales

• maintaining an awareness of current environmental issues.

Applications include the management of

1. Management of the Urban Water Supply

• protect and restore the health of waterways and wetlands

• mitigate flood risk and damage

• provide water for productive, sustainable, livable and resilient communities.

2. Design of urban storm-sewer systems

• Flood forecasting can be defined as a process of estimating and

The Water Treatment Process Is Not As Easy As It Seems

The minimum requirement for most positions in water resource

• Excellent analytical skills

• Water Resource Engineers spend most of their time in an office looking

• They may also find themselves in more industrial environments when

• Most Water Resource Engineers work full-time, with many

Not gaining access to enough clean

As a recent U.N. report warns:

98% of water on this planet is seawater

Water Resource Engineers make an average of $79,340 a

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