This document provides an overview of various bacterial genera including Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Listeria, Clostridium, Mycobacterium, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Brucella, Pasteurella, Bacillus anthracis, Leptospira, Actinobacillus, Actinomyces, Campylobacter, Chlamydiae, and Mycoplasma. It describes their morphological, cultural, biochemical characteristics and the diseases associated with each genus.
This document provides an overview of various bacterial genera including Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Listeria, Clostridium, Mycobacterium, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Brucella, Pasteurella, Bacillus anthracis, Leptospira, Actinobacillus, Actinomyces, Campylobacter, Chlamydiae, and Mycoplasma. It describes their morphological, cultural, biochemical characteristics and the diseases associated with each genus.
This document provides an overview of various bacterial genera including Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Listeria, Clostridium, Mycobacterium, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Brucella, Pasteurella, Bacillus anthracis, Leptospira, Actinobacillus, Actinomyces, Campylobacter, Chlamydiae, and Mycoplasma. It describes their morphological, cultural, biochemical characteristics and the diseases associated with each genus.
This document provides an overview of various bacterial genera including Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Listeria, Clostridium, Mycobacterium, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Brucella, Pasteurella, Bacillus anthracis, Leptospira, Actinobacillus, Actinomyces, Campylobacter, Chlamydiae, and Mycoplasma. It describes their morphological, cultural, biochemical characteristics and the diseases associated with each genus.
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GENERAL VIEW OF
SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY INTRODUCTION TO BACTERIA
• Prokaryotic(primitive neucleus ,without nuclear
memberane) • They are most abundant microorganisms. • Cell wall made up of peptidoglycan(abscent in Mycoplasma) • Grouped under 4 categories acc to shape: • Spherical (coccus) , rod shaped (bacillus) • Comma shaped (vibrium) & spiral shaped (spirillum) . STAPHYLOCOCCUS • Gram positive ,flagella abscent,non spore forming. • Coagulase +ve, catalase +ve ,Oxidase –ve. • Selective media : MANNITOL SALT AGAR & BEARD- PARKER AGAR. • Bunch of grapes like colony. • Shows Double hemolysis / hot-cold hemolysis (S.hycus is non hemolyic). • S.aureus: shows TSS (Toxic Shock Syndrome) • Protein A present which prevents opsonisation. • Biofilm formation occurs in Staphylococcus. • Diseases: Mastitis in cattle,Botryomycosis in horse & sows, Bumble-foot disease in poultry(S.aureus). STREPTOCOCCUS • Gram +ve, non motile, chain of cocci. • TRANSLUSCENT colonies. • Catalase –ve, coagulase +ve & oxidase –ve. • Hemolysis (Beta- complete , Alpha –partial). • Peptidoglycan layer of Strep. Contains C substance. • S.pneumoniae shows QUELLING reaction. • Selective media : EDWARD’S MEDIA & E.faecalis can grow on MacConkey agar. • Diagnosis: CAMP test for S.agalactiae. • Diseases: Scarlet fever in humans (S.pyogenes) (DICK test is done ),Chronic Mastitis(S.agalactiae),acute mastitis(S.dysagalactiae),STRANGLES in horses (S.equi) CORYNEBACTERIUM • Gram+ve, Pleomorphic,non motile, INTRACELLULAR bacteria. • Cell wall contains DAP, Arabinogalactin,Mycolic acid. • Shows PALLISADE or CRISS CROSS ARRANGEMENT, also called as” CHINESE LETTER APPEARANCE”. • C.renale :found in urine & CAMP +ve. • “BABES –ERNST” Granules are found in this bacteria. • C.pseudotuberculosis shows ONION RING app in lymph nodes of Sheep. • Mostly non capsulated except Rhodococcus equi. • R.equi shows MZN. • Diseases: Balanoposthitis &”Pizzle rot” in rams(C.renale),”Piegonfever”(C.pseudotuberculosis) ,”SUMMER MASTITIS” (Arachnobacter.pyogens). LISTERIA • Gram +ve ,motile ( Peritrichous flagella). • L.monocytogens &L.ivanovii are HEMOLYTIC. • PALCAM & OXFORD AGAR are selective media. • Shows “TUMBLING” motility. • Shows UMBRELLA like pattern in semisolid media. • Diagnosis: CAMP test & “ANTONS EYE TEST” for L.monocytogens. • Diseases: “CIRCLING DISEASE/ SILAGE DISEASE” (L.monocytogens),also cause Abortion in 3rd trimester. • L.monocytogens show “COLD ENRICHMENT PHENOMENON” & “ASCULIN hydrolysis”. CLOSTRIDIUM • Gram +ve , Motile(Peritichous flagella) except C.perfringens. • Strictly anaerobic (5-10% CO2) except C.perfringens.& non capsulated except C.perfringens. • “ROBERTSON COOKED MEAT MEDIA” is special media for Clostridium. • C.tetani shows “SWARMING GROWTH”& ”DRUM STICK” appearance. • C.chauvoei is CIGAR shaped & cause “BLACK QUARTER” disease. • C.botulinum type C causes “SHAKER ‘s FOAL SYNDROME”or “FLOPPY BABY SYNDROME” C.tetani & C.botulinum C.tetani C.botulinum • Shows activity at Synaptic • Shows activity at junctions.,inhibits Neuromuscular inhibitory Synaptic junctions,Acetyl choline is receptors. unable to bind. • Have 7 antigenic variants. • Neurotoxin is • Cause “FLACID TETANOSPASMIN PARALYSIS”. • Cause “SPASTIK • “Wasp waste PARALYSIS” or “SAW appearance” HORSE/LOCK JAW” appearance C.perfringens • Shows CAMP test & “NAGLAR REACTION”(alpha toxin present) • C.perfringens & C.novyi shows LECITHINASE ACTIVITY. • Shows “STORMY CLOT”. • Show DOUBLE ZONE OF HEMOLYSIS. • Type D causes “Pulpy kidney disease” MYCOBACTERIUM • Gram positive,Aerobic,Non spore forming ,Non motile, Rod shaped acid fast bacilli. • They are Intracellular pathogens. • STONE BRICK’S & Lowenstein-Jensen medium media is used for growth. • Cell wall of Mycobacterium contains Mycolic acid. • Cell wall is stained by Ziel Nelson staining. M.tuberculosis :Shows EUGONIC GROWTH, M.Bovis: Shows DYSGONIC GROWTH. M.paratuberculosis: grows best on HAROLD’S EGG YOLK media. On staining Mycobacterium show “beaded appearance” • M.tuberculosis have rough colonies and do not break easily whereas M.Bovis have cream coloured colonies & easily break. • M.Bovis shows Delayed type Hypersensitivity(Type 4). • Diseases:M.bovis cause bovine tuberculosis. • M.paratuberculosis: causes Johne's disease in cattle. SALMONELLA • Gram –ve , motile. • Selective media : XLD AGAR (Xylene Lysine Deoxycholate agar) , H2S Production takes place. • S.pullorum cause “Bacillary white diarrhoea “in chicks, S.gallinarum causes “Fowl typhoid” in adult birds, S.dublin causes “joint ill “ in calves. • Diagnosis :XLD agar • BRILLIANT GREEN AGAR : RED coloured colonies. • Sub culture on TSI (Triple Sugar Iron). • Diagnosis : IMVIC test: I(negative),M(positive),VI(negative),C(positive). • Phage typing in S.typhimurium Escherichia coli • Gram +ve ,Motile, peritrichous flagella, Show alpha Hemolysis on blood agar, Coliform bacteria. • They are ZOONOTIC. • Grow on MacConkey agar, blood agar, EMB agar. • Colonies on MacConkey agar are bright pink. • On EMB (Eosin Methylene Blue ) agar , colonies show “green metallic sheen”. • COLIGRANULOMA or HJARRE’S disease in poultry. • “Fading puppy Syndrome” (Colisepticemia) in dogs. • “Mushy Yolk disease”(omphalitis) in poultry. • Diagnosis : IMVIC test: I(positive),M(positive),VI(negative),C(negative). BRUCELLA • Gram –ve , non motile , cocobacillary MZN +ve. • Organism is Capnophilic, catalase +ve ( except B.ovis & B.neotomae), Urease +ve ( except B.ovis). • Selective media : SERUM DEXTROSE AGAR, COLUMBIA AGAR , CRYPTOSE SOYA AGAR. • B.abortus , B.malitensis & B.suis are smooth & shows small, glistening, bluish& transluscent colonies • B.ovis & B.canis are rough form & shows dull,yellowish, opaque & friable colonies.. • B.abortus is also called as “BANGS BACILLUS”& Causes ABORTION . • B.malitensis causes undulant fever in humans called as “MALTA FEVER”. • Brucella are NON HEMOLYTIC. • B.abortus Infects mature animals with prediliction for reproductive tract of males and females because of presence of “ERYTHRITOL” which stimulates its growth. PASTEURELLA • Gram –ve, rod or coccobacillus, non motile. • Catalase +ve , Oxidase +ve. • Growth occurs in BLOOD AGAR . • Shows “BIPOLAR STAINING”. • P.multocida do not grow on MacConkey agar. • P.multocida type A causes Bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis or “SHIPPING FEVER “in cattle • Type B causes H.S , Type D causes “Atropic Rhinitis” in pigs. • Tissue samples stained with Giemsa stain shows BIPOLAR STAINING. BACILLUS ANTHRACIS • Gram +ve, Resistant endospore formation, non motile. • Catalase +ve, Oxidase-ve. • On Nutrient agar colonies show “ MEDUSA HEAD” appearance & when observed microscopically shows “BAMBOO STICK “ appearance. • B.anthracis have greyish colonies & shows “GROUND GLASS APPEARANCE”. • On gelatin slab shows “INVERTED FIR APPEARANCE.” • Causes ANTHRAX (ZOONOTIC DISEASE). • Diagnosis : MacFydean reaction , ASCOLI’S test. LEPTOSPIRA • Leptospira are aerobic, gram-negative spirochetes. • They have characteristic corkscrew-like motility. • the infection can be transmitted venereally or transplacentally. • L interrogans pomona causes “MOON BLINDNESS” in horses also called as EQUINE RECURRENT UVEITIS/ PERIODIC OPTHALMIA. • EMJH media is used. • Diagnosis: The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is most frequently used. ACTINOBACILLUS • Gram –ve, Pleomorphic, non motile. • A.equilli is HEMOLYTIC. • A.suis & A.equilli show pink colonies on MacConkey agar except A.pleuropneumoniae & A.seminis does not grow on MacConkey agar. • A lignieresii ,A suis & A equuli has SLIME formation on media. • Catalase +ve except A.semenis. • A.ligneresi cause “WOODEN TONGUE” disease in cattle, A.equilli cause “SLEEPY FOAL “ disease . • Selective media for A.pleuropneumoniae is CHOCOLATE AGAR. • A.pleuropneumoniae have capsule, abscent in others & it shows CAMP test. ACTINOMYCES • Gram +ve ,non spore forming, non motile. • A.suis gives Coryneform type colonies. • All species affect oral mucosa except A. hordeovulnaris. • A.bovis causes “LUMPY JAW” disesase in cattle due to rarifying Osteomyelitis. CAMPYLOBACTER • Gram –ve rods in “Gull winged shapes” & spiral forms. • Motile, non fermentive , Oxidase +ve. • Many species grow on MacConkey Agar. • Most of the species are +nt in intenstinal tract but C.fetus subsp veneralis is +nt in bovine reproductive tract(bovine preputial mucosa). • C.fetus subsp fetus causes Still birth & Abortion in Sheep & goats. • C.jejuni cause Enteritis in dogs. CHLAMYDIAE • Spherical intracellular bacteria with unique developmental cycle. • “ELIMENTARY BODIES “are present • Cell wall lacks Peptidoglycan but contains genus specific Lipopolysaccharides. • Staining by MZN. • C.abortus causes “Enzootic abortion” in ewes. • C.felis causes “Conjuctivitis “ in Cats. MYCOPLASMA • “CELL WALL IS ABSENT”. • Smallest prokaryote, faccultative anaerob. • Also called as PPLO & it is also used as a media in mycoplasma. • Colonies observed in light it shows “fried egg appearance” . • Knob like colonies or “umbonate” colonies. • Diseases : “ CBPP” by M.mycoites(on P.M tissues show “Marble like appearance”, “CCPP “in caprines by M.capripneumonae , “CRD” in poultry by M.gallisepticum. THANK YOU