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    Social Role Theory: Nur Azid Mahardinata, DR

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    Social Role Theory proposes that gender differences in social behavior arise primarily from the division of labor between men and women in a society, rather than innate biological factors. Alice Eagly's research supports this theory, finding that gender roles emerge from the different productive work historically performed by each sex. For example, women took on domestic duties like childrearing, which shaped them as nurturing caregivers. Eagly also identifies nine differences in male and female social behavior observed across studies, such as women being more agreeable, that she argues result from gendered social roles rather than evolution.

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    Social Role Theory: Nur Azid Mahardinata, DR

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    diah puspitasari
    52 views15 pages
    Social Role Theory proposes that gender differences in social behavior arise primarily from the division of labor between men and women in a society, rather than innate biological factors. Alice Eagly's research supports this theory, finding that gender roles emerge from the different productive work historically performed by each sex. For example, women took on domestic duties like childrearing, which shaped them as nurturing caregivers. Eagly also identifies nine differences in male and female social behavior observed across studies, such as women being more agreeable, that she argues result from gendered social roles rather than evolution.

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    Social Role Theory proposes that gender differences in social behavior arise primarily from the division of labor between men and women in a society, rather than innate biological factors. Alice Eagly's research supports this theory, finding that gender roles emerge from the different productive work historically performed by each sex. For example, women took on domestic duties like childrearing, which shaped them as nurturing caregivers. Eagly also identifies nine differences in male and female social behavior observed across studies, such as women being more agreeable, that she argues result from gendered social roles rather than evolution.

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    52 views15 pages

    Social Role Theory: Nur Azid Mahardinata, DR

    Uploaded by

    diah puspitasari
    Social Role Theory proposes that gender differences in social behavior arise primarily from the division of labor between men and women in a society, rather than innate biological factors. Alice Eagly's research supports this theory, finding that gender roles emerge from the different productive work historically performed by each sex. For example, women took on domestic duties like childrearing, which shaped them as nurturing caregivers. Eagly also identifies nine differences in male and female social behavior observed across studies, such as women being more agreeable, that she argues result from gendered social roles rather than evolution.

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    of 15

    Social Role Theory

    Nur Azid Mahardinata, dr

    With regards to:


    Leah Hyde
    Background
    • Social scientist draw attention to two fundamental
    dimensions of social life: structure and culture
    • Social structure refers to patterns in the distribution of
    relationships and resources in a population.
    • Culture is a key part of many conceptualizations of social
    roles. Callero emphaizes the importance of cultural
    dimensions, especially for well-established roles that are
    recognized in social settings.
    • Callero also emphazizes that roles vary in
    terms of social accessibility (barriers to
    adoption of the role) and situational
    contigency (degree that the roles requires
    specific context to be used).
    • In other words, roles may differ in their
    scope and their relevance to action.
    Gender Stereotypes

    – Aggressive - Dominant
    – Direct - Acts as a leader
    – Independent - Never cries
    – Active - Logical
    – Not emotional - Worldly
    – Objective
    Gender Stereotypes

    – Gentle – Easily expresses


    – Tactful tender feelings
    – Quite – Enjoys art and
    – Religious literature
    – Neat – Need for security
    – Aware of others’
    feelings
    Why do women and men differ
    in their social behavior?
    • Eagly’s Social Role Theory of sex differences in
    social behavior

    – Social Role Theory- suggests that almost all


    behavioral differences we know about between males
    and females is the result of cultural stereotypes about
    gender (how males and females are supposed to act)
    and the resulting social roles that are taught to young
    people.
    Alice Eagly
    • a social psychologist whose interests are
    mainly in two areas-the psychology of
    attitudes and the psychology of gender
    • new research is on sex differences in attitudes
    on social and political issues
    • Recently published over 20 books
    • Currently a professor at Northwestern
    • Enjoys the arts, especially classical music,
    theater, dance, and painting
    Her Argument
    • “The gender roles that emerge from a society’s
    division of labor by sex are thus not arbitrary
    cultural constructions.”
    • “Gender roles are thus emergents from the
    productive work of the sexes; the characteristics
    embodied in these roles become stereotypic of
    women and men and facilitate the activities
    typically carried out by the workers of each sex.”
    This implies…
    • … that is because of a division of labor that
    women and men are different and not because of
    evolutionary psychology characteristics.
    • … because of the division of labor, women came
    to be regarded as housewives, not being able to
    work with men, but rather doing house related
    duties such as taking care of the children and
    cooking.

    ( supports social role theory and not evolutionary theory)


    So what are the actual
    differences in social behavior?
    (Eagly and Wood 1991)
    • 9 differences in adults observed across
    many studies:
    1- Women are better at sending and receiving
    messages non-verbally
    2- Women conform to group pressures more
    then men
    3- Women act more friendly and agree more
    with other group member in small groups
    …Actual differences…
    4- Men are more strictly task-oriented in work
    groups
    5- All female groups typically perform better than
    all male groups
    6- Men are more likely to emerge as leaders in
    initially leaderless groups

    7- Men are more helpful in short-term interactions


    with strangers
    …Actual Differences…
    8- Men behave more aggressively to others
    than women, particularly when the
    aggression brings about physical harm or
    pain
    9- Women report more life satisfaction and
    happiness then men
    How are these differences are
    produced?
    • Social Role Theory and not because of
    evolutionary theory
    • Pregnancy of women causes a difference
    – If men were getting pregnant, then women would have
    been the ones that provide everything that is necessary
    for the baby to live.
    • Differential treatment of girls and boys, which is
    still evident in the way children are raised

    (but steadily disappearing with the growing number


    of educated women)
    Social Role Theory and
    Health Professionals
    • Health care work: is it for male or female?
    • Why do certain specialization and health
    care profession dominated by one of the
    gender?
    – OBGYN by male
    – Nurses by female
    – Surgeon male
    – …..
    The End

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