Chapter 1:

introduction to Art
appreciation
 Outline
Humanities Art
Etymology
Etymology
Definition
Definition
Why do we need to study
Humanities? Work of Art
History Importance of Art
Other related fields in humanities Functions of Art
Categories
Different classifications
Other Classification
Different subject of work of art
 Outline

Painting Sculpture Music

Definition Etymology Etymology
Purposes Definition Definition
Types Function
Function
Processes &
Techniques
 Outline
Dance Photography Cinema
Etymology Etymology Etymology
Definition Definition Definition
Elements Modes of History
Different kinds production Elements
Example of Kinds
photographs
Award Giving
Award Giving Bodies
Body
humanities
ETYMOLOGY
It came from the Latin word “humanus” which means refined,
culture and human
Refined - Norms, being civilize, and socialize
Cultured - Adaptation to environment (social interaction, norms)
Human - Having the nature of people, being a person

Definition
- The expression of ourselves without using of words (painting,
sculptures, dancing, mosaic, cross stitch, collage, paper and
folding)
- The study of man’s expression feelings, thought, intuition,
values, and ideas
- The study of man’s experience, goals, and aspirations
- It is used to dramatize individual expressions
 Why do we need to study
humanities?

The humanities serve to provide the

student with certain skills and values through
the arts. Students learn to appreciate the
importance of value that no other subject can
describe those values which are directly an
exact.
Aim of Humanities
•During Medieval Age
The humanities dealt with the metaphysics of the
religious philosopher.

•During Renaissance Period

To make man richer because during that time only the
rich people can make art like paintings, sculpture and etc.

•During 19th and 20th century

To appreciate and understand the importance of
human being, his ideas and aspirations
 Other Related fields in Humanities

• Anthropology
• History
• Literature
• Philosophy
• Religion
• Sociology
Art
Etymology

It came from the Latin word “ars/artis” which means to do or man

made

Definition

– It is a medium of expression because through arts we express

our ideas, emotions, feelings, without using words.
– Creative activity which involves skill or expertness in
handling materials and organizing them into a new.
 Work of Art
Definition
– A thing of beauty having aesthetic value. Obra maestra, provides
aesthetic values to the viewers.
– It must have an artistic merit and literary merit.
– It is a symbolic state of meaning rather having a practical function.

Example:
Spolarium
The Last Supper
Mona Lisa Madonna and child

Banaue Rice Terraces

 Importance of Art
• Driven our existence

• Satisfies the needs for personal expression

• Develop our skills to express ourselves

• Challenge us to see things differently

• It unleash our hidden desires and passion

• It can change our ways in life
• To see the truth that we might understand before
• It gives pleasure, satisfaction and gratification
 Functions of Art

• To express beauty
• It gives man moment of relaxation and spiritual
happiness
• It serves as a channel of man’s passion
• Arts reformed man
• Overcomes the feelings of restlessness and
loneliness
Categories of work of art considered to
be great
• Best Selling - it is very popular in its day, or is produced by an
artist who has done other very popular piece.

• Ground Breaking- that it does not follow regular convention or

already tried artistic methods real closely. It is not, in short, just
one more soap opera following an old, old formula, no matter
how well done.

• Inherently Beautiful - means just as the art critics do

require and demand that a work of art have an inner
harmony, beauty, and emotional/intuitive meaning that
are unified, strong and intense, and deeply moving to
us. Something that appeals to your senses and
emotions.
 Different classifications of Art
I. By the Audience
- focus on how audience classified arts

1. Performing Arts- something an artist used body as a medium.

An art form that is moving from one place to another.

Example: play, movies, live music, movies/TV, operas, mime,

puppetry, acrobatic, dance, and ballet

2. Visual Arts- usually exist in two dimensional form and stay in

one place. Something that we see and hear.

Example: painting, photography, drawing, films,

sculpture, engraving, wooden materials, silk screen,
cartoon, stained glass, mosaic, and stage setting.
3. Literature- talks about language that affects our imagination and
make us think

Example: non fiction, fiction, stage play, poetry, screenplay and

song

4. Sculpture- a three dimensional form that we can touch, see, and

climb. It stays in one place.

Example: Statues, Busts and Monuments.

II. By the Critics
- Focus on how people judge art
1. Major Arts or Fine Arts- those that includes music, literature,
sculpture, painting, dance, theater, photography, and architecture.

2. Minor Arts or Applied Arts- those that includes ceramics,

furniture, weaving, photography, and letterings.

a. Pure Art- created and performed for other sake and to satisfies the
audience
Example: Watching movie

b. Practical Art- with a purpose, for practical use that

something is useful
Example: Chair and Table
III. By the Artist
- Characterize by special sensing, physical and special senses

1. Sight art- something that you can see, imagine, and create
Example: painting, drawing, mosaic, drafting design, stage
design, light displays and graphic design

2. Sound Art- something that you can hear

Example: Literature, Poetry, plays and Music

3. Touch Art- something that you can feel or touch

Example: Sculpture, Curving, Wood Craft, Pottery,
Dance Movement, and building
 IV. Other Classification

1. Real Art- something that is understandable “what you

see is what you get”, objective and representational.

Example: photography, stage play, dance, sculpture,

and architecture

2. Abstract Art- non-subject matter and non-

representational.
 Different subjectS
of
work of art

1. Nature 8. Churches
2. Woman 9. Child
3. Emotion 10. Fruits
4. Places 11. Toys
5. Animals 12. Landscapes
6. Events 13. Seascapes
7. Saints 14. Religion
Painting
definition
– The practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a
surface (support base). In art, the term describes both the act and the
result, which is called a painting.

– Paintings may have for their support such surfaces as walls, paper,
canvas, wood, glass, lacquer, clay or concrete.

– Paintings may be decorated with gold leaf, and some modern

paintings incorporate other materials including sand, clay, and
scraps of paper.

– Tangible canvass that we see through the use of his hands.

– It is the most widely practiced and appreciated.

Example: canvass, paper, wood, plaster

 Purposes of Painting

1. Painting commemorates historical

events.
2. For recognition of religious
activities.
SCULPTURE
Etymology
The term of " sculpture" comes from Latin word
"sculpere" which means to cut or remove pieces with a
stone.

Definition
– It is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or
combining hard and/or plastic material, sound, and/or text
and or light, commonly stone (either rock or marble),
metal, glass, or wood.
– Aesthetic art of modeling shaping single block or mash
materials into a 3 dimensional form out of rock, wood,
and metal.
Statue of David University of the Philippines’ Oblation
 Types of Sculpture
Some common forms of sculpture are:

1. Free-Standing Sculpture - sculpture that is surrounded

on all sides by space, except the base. It is also known as
sculpture "in the round", and is meant to be viewed from
any angle.
2. Sound Sculpture - Sound sculpture (related to sound art and
sound installation) is an intermedia and time based art form in
which sculpture or any kind of art object produces sound, or the
reverse (in the sense that sound is manipulated in such a way as
to create a sculptural as opposed to temporal form or mass).
3. Light Sculpture - is an intermedia and time based
art form in which sculpture or any kind of art object
produces light, or the reverse (in the sense that light is
manipulated in such a way as to create a sculptural as
opposed to temporal form or mass).
4. Jewelry – objects of personal adornment made
of precious metals, gems, or imitation
materials.
5. Relief - the sculpture is still attached to a
background; types are bas-relief, alto-relievo,
and sunken-relief.
6. Site-Specific art - is artwork created to exist
in a certain place.
7. Kinetic Sculpture - involves aspects of
physical motion.
8. Statue - representation list sculpture depicting a
specific entity, usually a person, event, animal or
object
9. Bust - representation of a person from the
chest up
10. Stacked Art - a form of sculpture formed by
assembling objects and 'stacking' them.
11. Architectural Sculpture - Architectural
sculpture is the term for the use of sculpture by an
architect and/or sculptor in the design of a building,
bridge, mausoleum or other such project.
 Function
•Sculpture functions as an integral part of many
ceremonies and events.
•Often unnoticed, it gives us a visual reference for our
emotional experiences throughout the passages of life.
•Tombstones, for example, are a form of sculpture
commemorating death, a universal event.
 Processes and Techniques

•Processes in sculpting vary, and always depend on the materials

used. There is cast sculpture, where a material, such as bronze,
begins as a clay form that is cast in a mould to produce a given
shape; there is also carved sculpture, such as wood or stone.

•Two distinct methods have emerged; an additive process, where

material is added again and again to build up the form, for example
with clay, and the subtractive process, where the artist removes or

subtracts materials to create the form, as in marble or stone carving .

• Sculpture may be free standing (sometimes referred to as
sculpture in the round even if it is a square shape), often on
a pedestal or base where you can walk around it, or relief,
where raised forms project from a background or surface.
• There is low relief, where the figure emerges at a level
closer to the surface; and high relief, where the figure may
almost be completely detached from the surface or ground.
• Types of representation and composition in
relief are defined by their need for the ground
plane on which the forms are superimposed or
from which they emerge.
• Relief can be carved in wood or stone; molded
in clay or wax; cast in metal, plaster or resin.
Music
Etymology
The word music comes from the Greek “mousikê”
(tekhnê) by way of the Latin musica. It is ultimately
derived from “mousa,” the Greek word for muse.

Definition
– Consist of sounds and silences in such a manner
as to convey emotions and feelings of the composer.
– Combination of melodious tones, and sounds
of varying pitch to produce harmony.
 Function of Music

1. Religious and ceremonial purpose

2. Release the tensions and emotion

3. To listen to music intelligently

4. Therapeutic value

5. For entertainment

6. Experience reflect music

7. Learning is made easy to music

Dance
Etymology
The word “Dance” comes from an old German word, “Danson”, which
means “to stretch.”

Definition
- a sport and art form that generally refers to movement of the body, usually
rhythmic and to music used as a form of expression, social interaction or
presented in a spiritual or performance setting.

- It is an art performed by individuals or groups of human beings, existing in

time and space, in which the human body is the instrument and movement is
the medium

- Rhythmic movement of the body to create emotions with music

- Succession or arrangement of steps performed for purposes

such as rituals or expression of inner thoughts
 Elements of Dance
1. Choreography - creation of steps with music and movement with
a rhythm of music

2. Costumes- the style of dress that a dancer wears. It depends upon

the color

3. Dancer - a person who perform synchronize movement. usually

employed on contract or for particular performances/productions
such as Anna Pavlova, Patrick Swayze and Rudolf Nureyev.

4. Decoration - it pertains to props, design and accessories.

5. Movement - the action of the dancer as they move to

create various and to communicate with audience
6. Music - the mood and the plan based on the music

7. Technique - control of the muscles over the body

8. Theme - it is actually the main content of the dance. It tells us

what the dance is trying to convey
 DIFFERENT KINDS OF DANCES
1. Folk Dance - it pertains to traditional dance
Example: Tinikling, Cariñosa,

2. Social Dance - it is a kind of dance that we perform in small

gatherings
Example: Ballroom Dance, Cha Cha, Rumba, Waltz, and Sway

3. Modern Dance - based on the natural expressive movements by

which means the dancer expresses a wide range of emotions
Example: Solo, Group Dance, and Interpretative Dance

4. Ethnic Dance - used to perform their rituals

Example: Pagdiwata of the Tagbanwa of Palawan
5. Indian Dance - highly exaggerated facial expression and extensive
vocabulary of hand gestures

Example: Kathakali, Bhangra, and Punjab

6. Ballet - a stage entertainment which enacts a story of expresses a

dramatic idea through dance or theatrical story telling. It is a
combined with music, drama, poetry, song, costumes and dance.

Example: The Swan

7. Court Dance - a street dance.

Example: Panagbenga and Ati-atihan

8. Theatrical Dance - perform in order to convey drama or play.

Example: Opera, Myme, and Classical dance

Photography
Etymology
The word "photography" comes from the Greek (phos) "light" +
(graphis) "stylus", "paintbrush" or (graphê) "representation by
means of lines" or "drawing", together meaning "drawing with
light." Traditionally, the products of photography have been called
negatives and photographs, commonly shortened to photos.

Definition
- It is the art or process of producing images through the use of a light
sensitive chemical or film.

- A photography is an actual likeness, that production of

which may not actually involve artists creativity. One only
has to press a button on a camera to produce this actual likeness.
 Modes of production
Amateurism - An amateur photographer is one who practices
photography as a hobby and not for profit. The quality of some
amateur work is comparable or superior to that of many
professionals and may be highly specialized or eclectic in its choice
of subjects. Amateur photography is often pre-eminent in
photographic subjects which have little prospect of commercial use
or reward.

Commerce - Commercial photography is probably best defined

as any photography for which the photographer is paid
for images rather than works of art. In this light money
could be paid for the subject of the photograph or the
photograph itself. The commercial photographic
world could includes:
• Advertising Photography - Photographs made to illustrate and usually
sell a service or product. These images, such as pack shots, are
generally done with an advertising agency, design firm or with an in-
house corporate design team.

• Fashion and Glamour Photography - This type of photography usually

incorporates models. Fashion photography emphasizes the clothes or
product, glamour emphasizes the model. Glamour photography is
popular in advertising and in men's magazines. Models in glamour
photography may be nude, but this is not always the case.

• Crime Scene Photography - This type of photography

consists of photographing scenes of crime such as
robberies and murders. A black and white camera or an
infrared camera may be used to capture specific details.

• Still life Photography - It depicts inanimate subject

matter, typically commonplace objects which may be
either natural or man-made.
• Food Photography - It can be used for editorial, packaging or
advertising use. Food photography is similar to still life photography,
but requires some special skills.
• Editorial Photography - Photographs made to illustrate a story or
idea within the context of a magazine. These are usually assigned by
the magazine.
• Photojournalism - This can be considered a subset of editorial
photography. Photographs made in this context are accepted as a
documentation of a news story.
• Portrait and Wedding Photography - Photographs made and sold
directly to the end user of the images.
• Landscape Photography - Photographs of different locations.
• Wildlife Photography - It demonstrates life of the animals.
• Photo Sharing - Publishing or transfer of a user's digital
photos online.
 Example of Photographs :

Life photography by Kas Chan on Colours of Life

May 26, 2009
 Journey Journey of Life
by Ferne Merrylees
 Award Giving Body
Camera Club of the Philippines

Some of the Best Filipino Photographers:

- Federico M. Ortiz - Master Photographer
- Philip Clayton S. Yu - 2nd Place
- Raphael L. Santos - 3rd Place
- Gerardo M. Sabado - 4th Place
- Francisco G. Balagtas - 5th Place
- Norlito S. Quimel - 6th Place
- Rodolfo M. de Leon - 7th Place
- E. Billy B. Mondonedo - 8th Place
- Leonardo A. Riingen - 9th Place
- Raoul E. Littaua - 10th Place
CINEMA
Etymology
Derived from the Greek word “kineo” (to stir literally or
figuratively; to stir (transitively), literally or figuratively)

Definition
- It is a term that embraces many types of film or movies: cartoons,
newsreels, commercials, industrial film, educational films, social
documentaries, and even home movies.
- It is an act of presentation in lights made picture possible to appear
in a two dimensional surface
- It is combination of frames and lights
- It is a way of expressing ideas, attitudes, feelings, dreams,
and fantasies to an audience through series of lights and
images.
History
It was the time of Shakespeare when drama became modern.
The play came from Shakespeare’s stories. Later, it was Thomas
Edison who made cinema possible through his invention called optic
lights, which gives rise to motion pictures. We cannot imagine life
without cinema because through this, we appreciate the past.

Elements of Cinema
1. Music - a movie is being remembered by its music and it is
usually came out during the climax of the story

2. Characters - those who act to portray the role of the story

that is being presented
3. Directors - the one who do and undo the film; regarded as the
captain of the ship

4. Script - the subject of the film. It is the story itself

5. Cinematography - anything you see in the screen it is the picture in

motion that you see in the cinema.

6. Camera shots - gives the definite point of view, the focus, the angles,
and the movement

7. Value - to make a man a better person, cultured, and refined

Different Kinds of Film
1. Action - a movie with a lot of exciting effects like car chases and
gun fights, involving stuntmen. They usually involve 'goodies'
and 'baddies', so war and crime are common subjects. Action films
usually need very little effort to watch, since the plot is normally
simple.
Example: Die hard, Saving Private Ryan, Quantum of Solace, and
The Fast and the Furious.
2. Comedy - are funny movies about people being silly or doing
unusual things that make the audience laugh.
Example: Legally Blonde, Romy and Michelle’s Highschool
Reunion, Dutch, and FEDS.
3. Horror - films use fear to excite the audience. Music, lighting and
sets (man-made places in film studios where the film is made) are
all designed to add to the feeling.

Example: The Ring, The Grudge, Lights Out, The Nun,

Conjuring, Annabelle Comes Home, The Omen and The Exorcist.

4. Drama - are serious and often about people falling in love or

people who have to make a big decision in their life. They tell
stories about relationships between people. They usually follow a
basic plot where one or two main characters (each actor plays a
character) have to 'overcome' (get past) an obstacle (the thing
stopping them) to get what they want.

Example: This Boy’s Life, King of the Hill, and Transamerica.

5. Documentary - present a fact without bias judgment and comment.
Movies that are about real people and real events. They are nearly
always serious and may involve strongly emotional subjects.

Example: Fahrenheit, Super Size Me, and The Inconvenient Truth.

6. Animated - movies use childish images like talking pigs to tell a

story. These films used to be drawn by hand, one frame at a time,
but are now made on computers.

Example: Babe, Ice Age, Hotel Transylvania, Madagascar, Lion

King and Kung Fu Panda.

7. Fantasy - a movie of daydream or illusion.

Example: Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings

8. Thrillers/Suspense - are usually about a mystery, strange event, or
crime that needs to be solved. The audience is kept guessing until
the final minutes, when there are usually 'twists' in the plot
(surprises).
Example: The Hand That Rocks The Cradle, and Sleeping with the
Enemy.
9. Romance - are usually love stories about 2 people from different
worlds, who must overcome obstacles to be together. It is always
light-hearted, but may include some emotion.
Example: Titanic, Twilight, Slumdog Millionaire, and Eat, Pray and
Love.
10. Buddy - movies involve 2 heroes, one must save the other,
both must overcome obstacles. Buddy movies often
involve comedy, but there is also some emotion, because
of the close friendship between the 'buddies'.
Example: Shanghai Nights and Hot Fuzz.
 AWARD GIVING BODIES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
- These are institutions, academies and fellowships that are
handing out awards, citations and recognitions to outstanding
film achievements for a certain calendar year.

FAMAS - Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences

FAP - Film Academy of the Philippines
MMFF - Metro Manila Film Festival
Gawad Urian- Manunuri ng Pelikulang Pilipino
Star Awards for Movies (Philippine Movie Press Club)
Catholic Mass Media Awards (Archdiocese of Manila)
Gawad Pasado (Film Desk Critics' Circle)
Golden Screen Awards (Entertainment Press Society)
UP Young Critics Circle Awards
Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival

International film Awards

Academy Awards
Golden Globe Awards
Emmy Awards
SAG – Screen Actors Guild
BAFTA – British Arts, Film and Television Award
Cannes Film Festival
Berlin Film Festival