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    An Approximate Realization of A Black Body As A Tiny Hole in An Insulated Enclosure

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    aman
    The document discusses black-body radiation and how Max Planck was able to explain the observed blackbody spectrum through his quantum hypothesis which involved two assumptions: that the radiation inside a blackbody is absorbed and re-emitted by discrete "resonators" that can only have certain quantized energy values of En=nhf, and that electromagnetic radiation itself is quantized into discrete packets called photons. By introducing these quantum assumptions, Planck was able to exactly explain the blackbody spectrum that classical theories could not account for.

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    An Approximate Realization of A Black Body As A Tiny Hole in An Insulated Enclosure

    Uploaded by

    aman
    101 views11 pages
    The document discusses black-body radiation and how Max Planck was able to explain the observed blackbody spectrum through his quantum hypothesis which involved two assumptions: that the radiation inside a blackbody is absorbed and re-emitted by discrete "resonators" that can only have certain quantized energy values of En=nhf, and that electromagnetic radiation itself is quantized into discrete packets called photons. By introducing these quantum assumptions, Planck was able to exactly explain the blackbody spectrum that classical theories could not account for.

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    black body radiation

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    black body radiation

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    The document discusses black-body radiation and how Max Planck was able to explain the observed blackbody spectrum through his quantum hypothesis which involved two assumptions: that the radiation inside a blackbody is absorbed and re-emitted by discrete "resonators" that can only have certain quantized energy values of En=nhf, and that electromagnetic radiation itself is quantized into discrete packets called photons. By introducing these quantum assumptions, Planck was able to exactly explain the blackbody spectrum that classical theories could not account for.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    101 views11 pages

    An Approximate Realization of A Black Body As A Tiny Hole in An Insulated Enclosure

    Uploaded by

    aman
    The document discusses black-body radiation and how Max Planck was able to explain the observed blackbody spectrum through his quantum hypothesis which involved two assumptions: that the radiation inside a blackbody is absorbed and re-emitted by discrete "resonators" that can only have certain quantized energy values of En=nhf, and that electromagnetic radiation itself is quantized into discrete packets called photons. By introducing these quantum assumptions, Planck was able to exactly explain the blackbody spectrum that classical theories could not account for.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    An approximate realization of a black body as a tiny hole in an

    insulated enclosure.
    Black-body Radiation

    2.9 x 10-3 m
    l peak = T(Kelvin)
    Light intensity

    UV IR
    lpeak vs Temperature

    2.9 x 10-3 m
    T l peak = T(Kelvin)

    3100K 2.9 x 10-3 m


    (body temp) =9x10 -6m
    3100
    infrared light

    58000K 2.9 x 10-3


    m
    visible light
    (Sun’s surface) 58000 =0.5x10-6m
    Stefan-Boltzmann Law
    • The energy radiated by a blackbody
    radiator per second per unit area is
    proportional to the fourth power of the
    absolute temperature and is given by
    E=σ(T)4
    • Wien's displacement law states that the
    wavelength distribution of thermal
    radiation from a black body at any
    temperature has essentially the same
    shape as the distribution at any other
    temperature

    λmaxT=b

    where λmax is the peak wavelength, T is the absolute


    temperature of the black body, and b is a constant of
    proportionality called Wien's displacement constant, equal
    to 2.8977685(51)×10−3 m·K
    Rayleigh–Jeans law

    • the Rayleigh–Jeans law attempts to


    describe the spectral radiance of
    electromagnetic radiation at all
    wavelengths from a black body at a given
    temperature through classical arguments.
    E=8ΠKT/(λ)4
    Black-body Radiation & the
    Quantum Hypothesis

    Max Planck

    Physics 100
    Chapt 20
    Max Planck came up with a solution to the problem
    that involved two assumptions:
    • The radiation inside the blackbody is absorbed
    and re-emitted from the walls. The wall is
    composed of "resonators" which can have only
    certain discrete energy values, En = nhf, where
    n is a positive integer called the "quantum
    number", f is the frequency of the resonator, and
    h is Planck's constant:
    h = 6.626×10-34J s
    • We say that the energy of the resonators is
    "quantized".
    • The second assumption is that the
    electromagnetic radiation is also quantized, it
    comes in packets called photons. When
    radiation is absorbed or emitted, the resonator
    changes from one quantum state to another; if
    the resonator does not change state, no
    energy is emitted or absorbed. If the resonator
    changes from the state with n=3 to the state
    with n=2, then a photon is emitted with energy
    E = 3hf - 2hf = hf.
    With the addition of these assumptions, Planck
    was able to explain the observed blackbody
    spectrum exactly.
    Classical vs Quantum world
    At atomic &
    In everyday life, subatomic scales,
    quantum effects quantum effects
    can be safely are dominant &
    ignored must be considered

    Laws of nature
    This is because developed without
    Planck’s constant consideration of
    is so small quantum effects do
    not work for atoms

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