Kolkata - Land of The Goddess Kali: Done By-Riya Shah Arundhati Shinde Tanaya Vankudre Sonali Patil Minal Potdar

KOLKATA – LAND OF THE
GODDESS KALI
DONE BY-
RIYA SHAH
ARUNDHATI SHINDE
TANAYA VANKUDRE
SONALI PATIL
MINAL POTDAR
CONTENT
• INYTODUCTION
• DEVELOPMENT OF CITY ACCORDINT TO TIME
• COMPARISN OF KOLKUTA WITH MAJOR CITIES OF WORLD
• POPULATIOM GROWTH IN KOLKATA
• EVOLUTION
Introduction
CALCUTTA, BENGALI, KALIKATA

•THE CAPITAL CITY OF WEST BENGAL, IN INDIA.
•WAS THE FORMER CAPITAL (1772 -1912) OF BRITISH INDIA. THE
CITY IS THE NATION'S LARGEST METROPOLITAN IN AREA.
•IT IS LOCATED ON THE EASTERN BANK OF THE HOOGHLY RIVER,
AN ARM OF THE GANGES, ABOUT 96 MILES (154 KM) UPSTREAM
FROM ITS MOUTH AT THE HEAD OF THE BAY OF BENGAL.
•THIS RIVER PORT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT URBAN CENTER OF
EASTERN INDIA
•ALTHOUGH CALCUTTA IS FAVOURABLY LOCATED FOR TRADE, ITS
LOW, SWAMPY, HOT, AND HUMID RIVERBANK LOCATION IS NOT
IDEAL FOR HUMAN HABITATION.
Development of city according to time
It seems the pattern of Calcutta's development was chaotic from

the inception of the city. Planned settlement was not a priority for
either the foreign traders or their native associates and
beneficiaries: they viewed the city solely as a place for
commercial gain by the quickest means. In June 1766, Mrs.
Kindersley wrote about the city she had come to live in :
“It does not appear much worthy describing, for although it is
large, with a great many good houses in it, it is as awkward a
place as can be conceived; and so irregular that it looks as if all
the houses had been thrown up in the air, and fallen down again
by an accident as they now stand. Besides, the appearance of the
best houses is spoiled by the little straw huts, and such sort of in
cumbrances, which are built up by the servants for themselves to
sleep in; so that all the English part of the town, which is the
largest, is a confusion of very superb and very shoddy houses,
dead walls, straw huts, warehouses, and I know not what.”
Comparison of KalKuta with other major cities of the world
Calcutta possesses an abnormally low proportion of real roads

and streets per square mile. Instead of being served by main
roads, the city is served by streets, used as main roads; and
instead of the property masses being each served by their own
lot of streets, they are provided only with highly irregular lanes
and passages that have to serve as streets. If Constantinople,
also Cairo and some of the Chinese cities be excluded it would
be found that Calcutta contains a greater mileage of lanes and
passages per square mile, than any other city in the world.
Comparison
Map Of Calcutta Showing

The Development Projected
Comparison Of The Street Mesh In London (Left) And Calcutta (Right)
Map
Population Growth in Kolkata Settlement Typology
EVOLUTION OF KOLKATTA
KOLKATA 1690
In the year 1690. job charnock, a company agent and chief of
english factory established the important centre for trade and
commerce in sutanuti village on the eastern banks of the river
Hooghly.
This was the origin 0f the city of calculta.
During this time the villages by connected by a route from chitpur
in the north to the kalighat temple, that was built in the 15th
century, in the south. the english bought gobindapur, kalikata and
sutanuti villages to establish their settlement.
KOLKATA 1757
The first major step they had taken in the procell is to shift the
bengalis from thearea around the present dalhousie square to further
north because of the strategic location to build the fort for their
security.
The battle of plassey in 1757 was in a way a turning point for the
growth of calcutta.the supremacy of english in bengal was established.
It was transforming itself from purely garrison town to an
administrative cum culture centre.
KOLKATA 1852-56
The great tank of dalhousie square was developed as an

administraative centre.
The maratha ditch got converted to be the circurlar road all along the
city as a cityboundary till the mid 19" century.
The area, which is south 0f the maratha ditch, was full of ponds and
ditches ,spreads of jungles or ‘ hogla' trees.
In the southern part it was mostly the englishmenand the rich
businessmen who started building up houses.
KOLKATA 1900
The british decided to shift the capital from calcutta to delhi in

order to control theirterritory more from a central position of the
empire.
The capital got shifted in 1912 ad, and soon the british
government set up theimprovement trust for the settlement of
living condition in the city.
The only directions for calcutta's growth were east and south.
north was already , congested and west was the river.
The urban settlement of kolkata can be defined in to three definite regions, which can be broadly
distinguished according to history, socio-economic culture, and architectural character.
NORTH KOLKATA : neighbourhoods of elite bengalis, crafts men, artisians and traders.
CENTRAL KOLKATA : the business district developed by the british with palatial structures used as residences for british officers.
SOUTH KOLKATA : neighbourhoods of upper middle class bengalis

NORTH KOLKATA
LOCATION
North kolkata lies to the north of esplanade (public

pathway) on the eastern banks the river.
It is built in the area where there existed the village of
sutanuti.
URBAN STRUCTURE
North calcuta has low height buildings with maximum of

ground coverage.
The buildings are all attached to each other and have
practically no side setbacks.
Typical roadside buildings have car porticos
('garibaranda") highlighting the building entrance.
Open space is less in this part.
STREET PATTERN
Streets in these areas are planned, are wide enough for vehlculr movements.
The lanes and by lanes are Again have the feelings of north kolkata in some parts while in other parts, where they
have been planned, they are wide enough to make it vehicular.
EVOLUTION OF SOUTH KOLKATA (1900-1920)
The only directions calcutta could grow were east and

south. north was alreadycongested and west was the river.
as far as east is concerned the scope to expand was again
limited due to the wetlands. the only direction open for
growth was south.
PHYSICAL FEATURE
The soulh suburb was a swamp filled with ditches and
jungles
Tolly's nala was cleared and made navigable b the efforts
of a british officer
The main road to south is leading to tollygunj passing
through kalighat and manoharpur that had very sparse
se!llements.
The kali temple at kalighat built in the earty sixteen
hundreds was the prime focus within the area and visited
by people from all over for religious purpose.
Military camp in ballygunj and a weekly market in
gariahat.
EVOLUTION OF SOUTH KOLKATA (1940-1960)
Densification along the major roads like, rashbeharl avenue.

lansdowne road, hazra road, gariahat road and asutosh
mukherjee road.
EVOLUTION OF SOUTH KOLKATA (1960 ONWARDS)
Major road layouts were planted with trees along the edges.
Development of parks & playgrounds took place for recreational purposes
Construction of high-rise apartments along southen avenue and other major roads lead
to densification .
ARCHITECTURE
The concept of individual ownership changed to flat ownership kind.
Commencement of architectural education in the technical institutes like the bengal engineering college
and jadavpur university strengthened propagation of contemporary architectural concepts of the west.
Cement replaced earlier used lime surki as building materials .
Thus load-bearing structures are replaced by frame structures.
• Major Step: To Shift The Bengalis From
The Area Around The Present Dalhousie
Square To Further North Because Of The
Strategic Location To Build The Fort For
Their Security. • The Battle Of Plassey In
1757 Was In A Way A Turning Point For The
Growth Of Calcutta. The Supremacy Of
English In Bengal Was Established. • It Was
Transforming Itself From Purely Garrison
Town To An Administrative Cum Culture
Centre.

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KOLKATA – LAND OF THE

CALCUTTA, BENGALI, KALIKATA

It seems the pattern of Calcutta's development was chaotic from

Calcutta possesses an abnormally low proportion of real roads

Map Of Calcutta Showing

The great tank of dalhousie square was developed as an

The british decided to shift the capital from calcutta to delhi in

SOUTH KOLKATA : neighbourhoods of upper middle class bengalis

North kolkata lies to the north of esplanade (public

North calcuta has low height buildings with maximum of

The only directions calcutta could grow were east and

Densification along the major roads like, rashbeharl avenue.

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