Bridges: Prepared By: DIA Baboye Lhmaime Mohamed Ajouaou Farid Yazid Hamza
Bridges: Prepared By: DIA Baboye Lhmaime Mohamed Ajouaou Farid Yazid Hamza
Bridges: Prepared By: DIA Baboye Lhmaime Mohamed Ajouaou Farid Yazid Hamza
Prepared by:
DIA Baboye
Lhmaime Mohamed
Ajouaou Farid
Yazid Hamza
Work Plan
Strength of
Materials
Mathematical
Theories
Roman Arch Bridge
Development of
The Arch Metal
Natural Cement
1300 A.D. Renaissance
100 B.C. Romans
History of Bridge Development
Truss Bridges
Prestressed
First Cast-Iron Bridge Mechanics of Concrete
Coalbrookdale, England Design
Steel
Compression Tension
Basic Concepts
Beam
Pier
Beam Bridge
Beam Bridge
Forces
When something pushes down on the beam, the beam
bends. Its top edge is pushed together, and its bottom
edge is pulled apart.
Types of Bridges
Truss Bridge
Forces
Every bar in this cantilever bridge experiences either a
pushing or pulling force. The bars rarely bend. This is why
cantilever bridges can span farther than beam bridges
Types of Bridges
Arch Bridges
Arch Bridges
Forces
The arch is squeezed together, and this squeezing force is
carried outward along the curve to the supports at each end.
The supports, called abutments, push back on the arch and
prevent the ends of the arch from spreading apart.
Types of Bridges
Suspension Bridges
This kind of bridges can span 2,000 to 7,000 feet -- way farther
than any other type of bridge! Most suspension bridges have a
truss system beneath the roadway to resist bending and
twisting.
Types of Bridges
Suspension Bridges
Forces
In all suspension bridges, the roadway hangs from massive
steel cables, which are draped over two towers and secured
into solid concrete blocks, called anchorages, on both ends of
the bridge. The cars push down on the roadway, but because
the roadway is suspended, the cables transfer the load into
compression in the two towers. The two towers support most of
the bridge's weight.
Types of Bridges
Cable-Stayed Bridge
β c
a
γ α
b
• c2=b2+a2
•
α+β+γ=18
0°
Bridge Engineering
F
y
x
R1 R2
ΣFx = 0
ΣFy = R1+R2-P = 0
Bridge Engineering
F σ E= Stress = F/A
Strain ΔL/Lo
Lo Where:
E F = Longitudinal Force
ε A = Cross-sectional Area
F ΔL = Elongation
Lo = Original Length
Bridge Engineering
Truss Analysis
Where:
K = The unknown to be solved
K = 2J - R J = Number of Joints
M = Number of Members
R = 3 (number of sides of a triangle)
K Results Analysis:
If M = K Stable Design
If M < K Unstable Design
If M > K Indeterminate Design
Bridge Engineering
Truss Analysis
Joints
J=9
Members
M=15
K = 2 (9) – 3 = 15