Organizational Development and Interventions: Presented By-Pgdm 3 Sem Students

Organizational Development
and Interventions
Presented by-
PGDM 3rd Sem Students
Organizational Development
OD can be defined as a technique for bringing change in
the entire aspects of the organization so that change is
easily absorbed.
And the planned activities in which client & consultants
participate during the course of an organization
development program are known as OD interventions.
Actually it is an attempt to improve the “ fit” between the

individual & organization between the organization & its
environment.
Steps in OD
Diagnosis of the problem.
Planning strategy for change.
Implementing the change.
Evaluation.
OD Intervention Techniques
Behavioral techniques
i. Sensitivity training.
ii. MBO.
iii. Grid OD.
iv. Transactional Analysis.
Non-behavioral techniques
i. Changes in organization structure.
ii. Work design.
iii. Job Enrichment.
Miscellaneous techniques
i. Survey feedback.
ii. Process consultation.
iii. Team building.
Survey Feedback
As the title suggests the method used by

consultants is to “survey” the situation as it
currently is and “feedback” his analysis to the
group. The feedback information is then
discussed and worked on by the team
members.
Survey Feedback
has
emerged
as an another approach to team development
and
involves
Systematic data collection from all levels of the

organization.
Sharing of the information.
Interpretation/analysis of data.
Participants plays key role in developing solutions to
the problem.
Transfers the ownership of the data from change agent
to participants.
Transactional Analysis
A method of analyzing and understanding interpersonal
behavior
To understand TA
Ego states, Life position and Analysis of Transactions should be
understood.
Contd…
Ego States refer to person’s way of thinking, feeling and behaving

at any time. There are three kinds of ego states-
Parent ego
Overprotective, references to laws and rules, upright and
reliance on past experiences.
Adult ego
Look at people as equals, worthy and reasonable human
beings.
Child ego
Creativity, attention seeking, anxiety, temper tantrums.
Life positions are based on specific assumptions that
are made early in life. And such philosophies get tied
into your identity, sense of worth and perceptions of
other people. And the four categories of life positions
are as shown -
Transactions are said to occur when a stimulus from a person is being
responded by another person. It actually routes up from ego states .
And depending on the ego states of the persons involved in the
transactions, there can be following types of transactions-
Complementary Transactions
Crossed Transactions
Ulterior Transactions
Sensitivity
Training
Features of sensitivity training
• Psychological technique
• Trained leader
• Enhancement of trust and

communication
Process of sensitivity training
GRID TRAINING
It identifies a range of management
behavior based on the different ways
that how production/service oriented
and employee oriented states interact
with each other.
The managerial grid focuses on the
observations of behavior in exercises
specifically related to work. Participants
in this training are encouraged and
helped to appraise their own managerial
style.
It’s a combine approach for people and for production which is formulated into a grid.
A 9 by 9 grid is suggested, with degrees of variation, but five positions are given as a
matter of simplicity.
• 1,9: Task management
People are a commodity, just like machines. A manager's
responsibility is to plan, direct and control the work of
subordinates.
• 1,1: Impoverished management
Effective production is unobtainable because people are lazy,
apathetic, and indifferent and also sound and mature
relationships are impossible because human nature inevitably
leads to conflict.
• 9,1: Country club management
Production is incidental to lack of conflict and good fellowship
• 9,9: Team management
Production is from integration of task and human requirements.
• 5,5: Dampened pendulum (middle of the road)
Push for production but not all out giving space and being fair but
firm.
Team Building
“ Teams are a useful business tool for process and

quality improvement, which may lead to higher
customer satisfaction or cost reduction. Many
managers recognize the benefits teams may bring but
do not properly consider what it takes to get a team
functioning in the direction management desires.”
Reasons for Team Building include
• Improving communication
• Making the workplace more enjoyable
• Motivating a team
• Getting to know each other
• Getting everyone "onto the same page", including goal setting
• Teaching the team self-regulation strategies
• Helping participants to learn more about themselves (strengths and
weaknesses)
• Identifying and utilizing the strengths of team members
• Improving team productivity
• Practicing effective collaboration with team members.
MODEL’S OF TB
• Stage 1. Forming
• Stage 2. Storming
• Stage 3. Norming
• Stage 4. Performing
• Stage 5. Adjourning
Thank you

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Organizational Development

Actually it is an attempt to improve the “ fit” between the

As the title suggests the method used by

Systematic data collection from all levels of the

Ego States refer to person’s way of thinking, feeling and behaving

• Enhancement of trust and

“ Teams are a useful business tool for process and

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