The presentation introduces photovoltaics and solar cells, explaining that photovoltaic cells directly convert sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It describes the basic structure and operation of solar cells using semiconductors. The presentation outlines the development of four generations of solar cell technology and types of cells including silicon and thin film cells. Examples of major solar plants and India's installed solar capacity are provided. Emerging photovoltaic technologies and disadvantages of solar cells are also summarized.
The presentation introduces photovoltaics and solar cells, explaining that photovoltaic cells directly convert sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It describes the basic structure and operation of solar cells using semiconductors. The presentation outlines the development of four generations of solar cell technology and types of cells including silicon and thin film cells. Examples of major solar plants and India's installed solar capacity are provided. Emerging photovoltaic technologies and disadvantages of solar cells are also summarized.
The presentation introduces photovoltaics and solar cells, explaining that photovoltaic cells directly convert sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It describes the basic structure and operation of solar cells using semiconductors. The presentation outlines the development of four generations of solar cell technology and types of cells including silicon and thin film cells. Examples of major solar plants and India's installed solar capacity are provided. Emerging photovoltaic technologies and disadvantages of solar cells are also summarized.
The presentation introduces photovoltaics and solar cells, explaining that photovoltaic cells directly convert sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It describes the basic structure and operation of solar cells using semiconductors. The presentation outlines the development of four generations of solar cell technology and types of cells including silicon and thin film cells. Examples of major solar plants and India's installed solar capacity are provided. Emerging photovoltaic technologies and disadvantages of solar cells are also summarized.
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PRESENTATION ON SOLAR PHOTOVOLTATIC TECHNOLOGY
BY SUBARNA MONDAL 1ST YEAR , Microelectronics and VLSI Tech Dept. 1
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION + Photovoltaics (PV) is the science of direct conversion of light to D.C. electricity, based on the fundamental principle of “photovoltaic effect”. This phenomenon is exhibited in cell semiconductor materials panel Photovoltaic devices which converts the solar energy into electricity are called SOLAR array CELLS What is a Photovoltaic Cell? also called solar cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect.
Light Electricity
Solar Cell (PV)
Photovoltaic effect Sunlight is composed of photons, or particles of solar energy that contain various amounts of energy corresponding to the different wavelengths of the solar spectrum. The electrons present in the valence band absorb energy and, being excited, jump to the conduction band and become free. These highly excited electrons are accelerated into a different material by a built-in potential.
This generates an electromotive force, and thus
some of the light energy is converted into electric energy. DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR CELL
First Generation Third Generation
Nanocrystal solar cells Single crystal silicon wafers (c-Si) Photo electrochemical (PEC) cells • Polymer solar cells Second Generation Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) Amorphous silicon (a-Si) Fourth Generation Polycrystalline silicon (poly- Hybrid - inorganic crystals within a Si) polymer matrix Cadmium telluride (CdTe) Copper indium gallium di-selenide (CIGS) alloy Basic structure of a SOLAR CELL Operation of a solar cells When sun light falls on silicon metal cell, the photon energy allows the electrons from the P- layer to move to the N-layer, creating an electric potential difference on the semiconductor borders.
If these borders are connected to a load by
conductive wires, there will be a flow of electric current, getting back theelectrons to the P-layer and starting the processagain.
A photovoltaic cell generally has low current
and voltage levels, of about 3 A and0.7 V, respectively. PV modules Assemblies of cells are used to make solar modules , also known assolar panels and these panels are combined to form arrays.
For this , many cells are connected in series and/or parallel to obtain the expected current and voltage levels and this set of cells is mounted on an appropriate structure to create a photovoltaic module. 11 Types of PV cells
Silicon Crystalline Cells Thin Film Cells
made by using crystalline silicon solar made by depositing one or more thin cells,developed from the microelectronics layers (thin film) of photovoltaicmaterial technology industry. on a substrate.
Multi Crystalline PVCells Poly Crystalline PVCells
(Non-Silicon based) Major Solar Plants “Nellis solar power plant” contains 70,000 solar panels that generate 25 gigawatt-hours
“solar one”, California 1,800 sun-tracking a solar farm in the Philippines… mirrors reflect heat to a central collector Where India now and its total installed capacity? In terms of overall installed PV capacity, India comes fourth after Japan, Germany and U.S. (With Installed capacity of 110MW). India today is the second largest manufacturer in the world of PVpanels. The Delhi Government has decided to make use of solar power compulsory forlighting up hoardings and for street lighting. Solar power generation is merely concentrated in three states. Gujarat Rajasthan Maharashtra Emerging Technologies ‘ Discovering new realms of Photovoltaic Technologies ‘
Electrochemical solar cells havetheir
active component in liquid phase.
Ultra Thin Wafer Solar Cells
Thickness ~ 45μm Cell Efficiency as high as 20.3%
Anti- Reflection Coating
Low cost deposition techniques use a metalorganic titanium or tantanummixed with suitable organic additives Disadvantages of solar cells Solar panels are expensive. Solar power is inefficient in cloudyareas. A solar energy installation requires a large area for the system to be efficient in providing a source of electricity. Solar power maintenance is a problem especially to those who doesn’t know the proper techniques. Disposal is difficult for the batteries and solar panels when they have broken down because they contain toxic chemicals like lead, sulfuric acid & cadmium telluride.
Solarbuzz European and US All Solar Module
Retail Price Index Conclusions • Solar energy is the energy emitted by the sun. • It is the most abundant and renewable form of energy. • Photovoltaic cells convert light energy into electricalenergy. • Assembly of PVcells make solarpanels. • Solar panels finds its applications in many fields such asdomestic lighting, solar vehicles etc. • Cost and area are big disadvantage of solar cells. ThankYou!!!
