Intellectual Revolutions That Defined Society

“The world is a dangerous
place, not because of those

who do evil, but because of
those who look on and do
nothing.”
Intellectual/Scientific revolutions
that defined society
• It is a movement about enlightenment

and it may be initiated during 17th
century where people are more driven by
the new discoveries in science and
technology and cultural relativism
resulting from the explorations.
S U N
Going back to the past:
GEOCENTRIC MODEL of
Ptolemy
FLAWS:
- Geocentric Model didn't accurately explain the

movements of the sun, moon and planets.
- Was not able to explain nearness of mercury and
Venus to sun.
- Didn't explain why planets are brighter when
opposite to sun in the sky.
- Actually stars didn't orbit the earth but earth's
rotation is the reason that makes the stars look as
if they are orbiting the earth.
COPERNICAN revolution
• Who Was Copernicus?
Nicolaus Copernicus was born on February 19,
1473 in Torun, Poland. Circa 1508, Copernicus
developed his own celestial model of a
heliocentric planetary system. His second
book on the topic, De revolutionibus orbium
coelestium(The Revolution of Celestial
Spheres), was banned by the Roman Catholic
Church decades after his May 24, 1543 death
in Frombork.
Nicolaus Copernicus
THE COPERNICAN MODEL OF
THE PLANETARY SYSTEM - THE
HELIOCENTRIC MODEL
The word "helios" in Greek means

"sun." Heliocentric means that the sun is at
the center. A heliocentric system is one in
which the planets revolve around a fixed
sun.
Impact to Society:
- Religion
- Institution
- Individual
-Scholar/ Professional/ Critic/
Philosopher/ Scientist Culture/ Belief
Importance of Heliocentric
Model:
- it led to the advancement and

accuracy in astronomical tools, both
physical and mathematical and
changed the way scientists understand
the design of our solar system
E V O L U T I O N
DARWINIAN
Who is Charles Darwin?
Charles Darwin, in full Charles Robert
Darwin, (born February 12, 1809,
Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England—died
April 19, 1882, Downe, Kent), English
naturalist whose scientific theory of
evolution by natural selection became the
foundation of modern evolutionary
studies.
CHARLES DARWIN
The theory of evolution
is one of the great intellectual
revolutions of human history,
drastically changing our perception of
the world and of our place in it.
The theory of evolution by
natural selection, first
formulated in Darwin's book
"On the Origin of Species" in
1859
Darwin’s theory of evolution entails
the following fundamental ideas:
- Species (populations of
interbreeding organisms) change over
time and space.
- All organisms share common
ancestors with other organisms.
- Evolutionary change is gradual and
slow in Darwin’s view.
The Process of Natural Selection
Darwin’s process of natural selection

has four components:
- Variation.
- Inheritance
- High rate of population growth
- Differential survival and
reproduction
Impact to Society:
- Religion
- Institution
- Individual
- Scholar/ Professional/ Critic/
Philosopher/ Scientist Culture/ Belief
Contribution to Society:
- Evolution occurs became accepted by the

Scientific community
- The theory of Natural selection came to be
widely seen as primary explanation of the
process of evolution in the 1930s, and now as
the basis of modern evolutionary theory
Darwins scientific discovery remains the
foundation of biology, as it provides a unifying
logical explanation for the diversity of life
Without his contribution:
- Scientist may never figured out how
the earth had shaped animals to man
through out the generation
- In fact as a society we could had
completely different theory
concerning how we came to be
“It is not the strongest of the
species that survives, nor the most
intelligent that survives. It is the
one that is the most adaptable to
change.”
– Charles Darwin
S I G M U N D F R E U D
FREUDIAN
SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939)
*Psychotherapy
*psychoanalysis
- psychoanalytic theory of
personality
*three component parts of the
mind
- Id
-Ego
- Superego
INFLUENCE / IMPACT
*consciousness
*components of unconscious
mind
* different developmental
phases
CONTRIBUTION TO
SOCIETY
* understanding of a person
* health (mental illness)
*philosophy
I N F O R M A T I O N
INFORMATION
INFORMATION
- systematic
experimentation
- (mathematics, astronomy,
biology, physics, and
chemistry)
IMPACT
-society has been reformed

by new ideas of science
- medicine and astronomy
- technology (mechanics)
CONTRIBUTION
- Seventeenth century scientists and

philosophers were able to collaborate with
members of the mathematical and
astronomical communities to effect
advances in all fields.
- new methods
- academic
- institutions
- technology
M E S O
A M E R I C A
MESO-AMERICAN
History:
The history of meso-america divides
into these periods:
- Paleo-Indian (First Human
Habitation-3500 BCE)
- Pre-Classic/Formative (2000 BCE-
250 CE)
- Classic (250-900 CE)
- Colonial (1521-1821)
- Post-Colonial (1821- present)
Archeology:
- A 260-day Calendar
- The Ziggurats
- 3 Ages of Meso-America
- Modern Meso-America
Science & Technology
Education: 3 highly advanced

ancients were Aztecs, Maya and Inca
all were achieved the incredible feats
of engineering, science, medicine, art,
philosophy and astronomy are all
their greatest priorities because they
highly valued the education.
Architecture:
* Monumental
Architecture
- buildings of
immense size & shape.
Developed pyramids
with temples to their
gods on top. Center of
the city and the tallest
building.
*Step Pyramids
- placing a series continuously smaller
platforms on top of each other that were also
physical representations of the calendar. Number
of steps on each side could represent days in a
month or years in cycle.
* Twin Pyramids
- two temples on the top and
two ramps to worship two deities
Contributions:
*Bouncy rubber balls- ceremonial games
*Rubber sandals
*Sticky materials - used to glue implements
*Creating new fields for their agriculture to
grow their crops
*Chinampas build this agricultural land for
vegetation
*Plots for creating canals and irrigation that
would water the crops
*Roads for their empire
A S I A
ASIAN
HISTORY:
Asia can be seen as the collective history of
several distinct peripheral coastal regions
such as East Asia, South Asia and Middle
East linked by the interior mass of the
Eurasian. Worlds largest and most diverse
continent.
- Europe and Asia
- Out of Africa
- The spread of our species
- 8000 BC-AD 1000
- AD 1000-present
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY in Asia is varied
depending on the country and time.
- India, China & West Asian are the most notable
for their contributions to science and technology in
terms of Archeology especially on the Anatomy of
human, Fertile Crescent and Statistics.
- Japan is the most notable country in Asia in
terms of its technological and scientific
achievement. Known for its electronics and
automobile products.
- China is known for their paper, iron plough and
rockets
India, China &
West Asia
Japan
China
CONTRIBUTION:
*Tea *Yoga
*Martial Arts *Chess
*Karaoke *Umbrellas & Noodles
*Law System
*Numbers (mathematics)
*Oil (fuel)
*Economy
M I D D L E E A S T
MIDDLE EAST
Middle East were a product of the
development and growth of
individual nationalism,
imperialism, for the efforts to
westernize and modernize Middle
East societies, and to push the
declining power of the Ottoman
Empire in the Arab region.
Science and Technology
• World Economic Forum on the
Middle East And North Africa
• National Broadband Network
Project
• 1,500 ICT-related companies
• International Labour Organization’s
Auto Technology Academy and Cisco’s
Networking
Middle East Contribution to Society
• Mathematics
• Astronomy
• Medicine
• Navigation and Geography
• Horticulture
• Philosophy
• Language and Philosophy
• Music
AFRICAN
AFRICA
- world's second largest and second
most-populous continent
- with 54 countries
- the place of origin
of humans and
the Hominidae clade (great apes)
- oldest inhabited
territory on Earth
Oldowan
Acheulean
Library of Alexandria
Astronomy
- Sirius A (sigi tolo) & Sirius B
(po tolo)
- Egyptian Calendar
- Namoratunga
- The Southern African Large
Telescope (SALT)
Sirius A and B
Egyptian Calendar
Namoratunga
The Southern African
Large Telescope (SALT)
Medicine
- Salix capensis in aspirin
- kaolin in Kaopectate
- rauwolfia in reserpine
-Imhotep of Kemet
Imhotep of Kemet
Architecture
- great pyramids
- the buildings of Great
Zimbabwe
-the eleven interconnected
rock-hewn churches of
Lalibela in Ethiopia.
The Great Pyramid of Giza
The Buildings of Great
Zimbabwe
Rock-hewn Churches, Lalibela
Mathematics
- Lebombo Bone
- Ishango Bone
Lebombo Bone
Ishango Bone
- END OF PRESENTATION -
Intellectual Revolutions that defined Society
Reported by:
Antonio, Patricia
Avila, Shirley
Cojano, Jerie Mae
Fermano, Ma. Roma Anne
Rangis, Vernie

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What is the quote mentioned on page 1?

What intellectual/scientific revolutions are mentioned?

“The world is a dangerous

place, not because of those

• It is a movement about enlightenment

- Geocentric Model didn't accurately explain the

The word "helios" in Greek means

- it led to the advancement and

Darwin’s process of natural selection

- Evolution occurs became accepted by the

-society has been reformed

- Seventeenth century scientists and

Education: 3 highly advanced

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